Flashcards CSD 155 ISU Exam 1

Respiratory system

energy source for speech

phonatory system

vibratory source

Articulatory system

shaping the oral cavity for speech sounds

mouth tongue teeth

resonatory- includes nasal cavity

Nervous system

central and nervous system-control of speech processes

used in all parts of communication

Anatomy

study of structure of organisms and relation of their parts

Physiology

function of living organisms and their parts

Clinical Anatomy

related to pathological entity, and especially as related to surgery

for diagnosis and treatment

Comparative Anatomy

studies interspecies comparisons

Developmental anatomy

period from conception to birth

Descriptive Anatomy

related to the systems of body

individual body parts

What is a system?

group of organs that function together for some purpose

Anatomical systems

muscular, digestive, respiratory, skeletal, reproductive, nervous

Terms of orientation

coronal, sagittal, transverse

Coronal

cut the body into front and back

Sagittal

cut the body into right and left

para-sagittal

cut into unequal left and right parts

mid-sagittal

cut into equal left and right

Transverse

cut body into top and bottom

superior-inferior

above-below

anterior-posterior

front-back

proximal-distal

close to center-away from center

adduct-abduct

close-open

dorsal-ventral

back of body-belly of body

medial-lateral

midline-away from midline

superficial-deep

toward surface-away from surface

external-internal

outside-inside

central-peripheral

center-away from center

Tissue

group of cells with the same function

4 types of tissue

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

tendons

attach muscle to bone or cartilage

Ligaments

visceral-bind organs together

skeletal-bind bone to bone

cartilage

strength and elasticity/firm and flexible

hyaline- joint surfaces

elastic

fibrocartilage

bone

hardest, compact,spongy-marrow

Muscular tissue

striated, smooth, cardiac

Striated (mus tissue)

skeletal, voluntary, somatic

Smooth (muscle tissue)

involuntary, autonomic

esophagus

Cardiac (muscle tissue)

involuntary, autonomic

stomach, heart

What can muscles only do?

contract and relax

Origin

the point of attachment of a muscle that is relatively immobile during contraction

does not move doing contraction

Insertion

the point of muscle that is relatively mobile during contraction

moves during contraction and back to relaxation

Agonist

prime mover

Antagonist

opposed prime mover

Nervous tissue

transfers information from brain to body or body to brain

Boyle's Law

volume increases, pressure decreases

volume decreases, pressure increases

Lungs during inspiration

fill with air, volume increase pressure decrease

Lungs during expiration

lose air, volume decrease pressure increase

Respiratory tract components

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Bronchi

main stem to lungs

3 right 2 left Lobar

10 right 8 left segmental

Alveoli

air sacks where gas exchange happens

Lungs

spongy and elastic

right larger than left

in the thorax

Ribs

1-7 true

8-10 false

11-12 floating

What is used in inspiration?

Diaphragm, External intercostals, Neck muscles, Torso muscles

Neck muscles

sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, trapezius

What is used in expiration?

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

abdominal muscles

Internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis

What is torque?

twisting of a shaft while not permitting one end to move

Sprirometer

measures respiratory flow, volumes, and capacities

tube connected to containers

manometer

measures pressure

U shaped tube with water in it

Tidal volume

the amount of air exchanged during resting breathing

Inspiratory reserve

the amount of air that can be inspired after resting inhalation

Expiration reserve

the amount of air that can be exhaled after resting exhalation

residual volume

amount of air that fills the lungs after max expiration

inspiration capacity

TV + IRV

max inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration

vital capacity

TV+IRV+ERV

the volume of air that can be inhaled following max expiration

total lung capacity

max quantity of air the lungs can hold