Material Science Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to material science, including properties, bonding, and structure classification.

The properties of a material are observable characteristics that respond to __.

stimuli, material traits.

Materials are often classified into four broad families based on certain features in common such as __.

similar properties, similar processing routes, and similar applications.

The arrangement of internal components of a material refers to its __.

structure.

A material is said to be __ when its properties are equal in all directions.

Isotropic.

Single crystal materials are generally considered __ because their properties vary with direction.

Anisotropic.

The __ is the smallest unit or building block of atoms that, when repeated in three dimensions, gives rise to crystal structure.

unit cell.

The __ bond occurs between positive and negative ions and is formed by the coulombic force of attraction.

Ionic bond.

The __ bond is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between atoms.

Covalent bond.

In metallic bonds, atoms release their valence electrons, forming an __ throughout the space occupied by the atoms.

electron gas.

__ indices are used to specify points, directions, and planes within a unit cell in crystalline materials.

Miller.

A family of planes consists of all planes that are __ equivalent.

crystallographically.

Higher cohesive energies in materials lead to __ melting temperatures.

higher.

The arrangement of microstructure features is referred to as __.

macrostructure.

Crystalline materials have a long range periodicity of space lattice points, whereas non-crystalline materials have __.

short range periodicity or no periodicity.

The strength of a material is determined by the __ of the potential well due to bonding.

depth.

The coefficient of thermal expansion relates to the width and __ of the curve near the minimum energy position.

asymmetry.