Chapter 16 & 17: Education and Schools

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29 Terms

1

When did mass schooling emerge?

  • Mid 1800’s in industrialized countries like Canada

  • Later on, worldwide

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2

When was education declared a human right? What components?

  • 1948

  • Free, compulsory, universal

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3

What 4 factor contributed to the emergence of mass schooling?

  1. Printing press

  2. Protestantism

  3. Democracy

  4. Industrialization

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4

What are the stats for Canadian education?

  • One of the most educated countries in the world

  • 93% high school diploma

  • 63% post-secondary degree

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5

What three subjects can be connected to education inequality?

  1. Social Class

  2. Gender

  3. Indigenous, Immigrant, Visible minority Status

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6

What are the 3 models of mass education relating to Indigenous, Immigrant, Visible minority Status?

  1. Assimilation Model

  2. Multicultural Education

  3. Anti-Racism & Anti-Oppression Education (1980’s)

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7

What’s assimilation?

  • People of difference absorb dominant culture → values. behaviors, & beliefs

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8

What were the assumptions of multicultural education?

  • Learning about one’s own/other culture will:

    • Improve educational attainment

    • Promote quality of opportunity

    • Reduce prejudice and discrimination

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9

What were the critiques of multicultural education?

  • Teachers have low knowledge of other cultures

  • Other cultures are treated as monolithic, historical, and “exotic”

  • Lack of attention to other’s values and beliefs

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10

What were the goals of anti-racism and anti-oppression education?

  • Expose stereotypes and racist ideas

  • Critically examine sources of information

  • Provide alternative and missing information

  • Explore the reasons for unequal social status

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11

What are manifest and latent functions?

  • Manifest: Obvious and intended effects of social structures

  • Latent: nonobvious and unintended effects of social structures

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12

What are the two latent function categories of school?

  1. Ensure economic and cultural stability (functionalism)

  2. Maintain social inequality (conflict, feminist, symbolic)

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13

How does school contribute to ensuring economic and cultural stability?

  • Key agent of socialization

  • Hidden curriculum: teaches kids obedience and conformity

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14

How does school contribute to inequality?

  • Access to education unequally distributed

  • Rewards of education unequally distributed

  • Makes a stratified system

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15

What are the 3 social mechanisms of inequality in education?

  1. Testing & tracking

  2. Hidden curriculum

  3. Self-fulfilling prophecies

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16

What are self fulfilling prophecies

  • Expectations that help bring about what they predict

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17

When did mass media and social media emerge?

  • Mass Media (print, tv, radio): 1800’s

  • Social Media (apps, websites, internet): 1990’s

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18

Use of mass communications varies based on ___ & across ___

  • Media type

  • Across time

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19

What’s corporate concentration?

  • Extent to which an industry (like media) is increasingly owned and controlled by fewer corporations

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20

Who produces the mass media and social media consumed in Canada?

  • 14/20 most followed X accounts

  • 16/25 most visited websites

  • 6/10 most followed TikTok creators

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21

What is media imperialism?

  • domination of a mass medium by a single national culture and the
    undermining of other national cultures

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22

Why does media imperialism exist in Canada? (3 reasons)

  1. Cost

  2. CanCon regulations

  3. Content preferences

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23

What 4 functions do functionalists believe media contributes to social stability?

  1. Coordination

  2. Socialization

  3. Social Control

  4. Entertainment

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24

What two factors do conflict theorists believe media fosters inequality?

  1. Corporate Concentration

  2. Broadcast beliefs and values that accept injustice and media imperialism

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25

What do conflict theorists mean when they say media corporate concentration"?

  • Less idea diversity (diff viewpoints)

  • Less demographic diversity ( extent to which media represents groups)

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26

What’s teh feminist view on mass media?

  • Media fosters gender inequality

    • Portrays subordinate roles

    • Exclude issues important to women

  • Believe media has the capacity to challenge gender inequality

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27

What’s poststructuralism?

  • School of thought within conflict theory

  • Social structures are increasingly fluid & multiplicative

    • Wealthy and powerful have the means to create and manipulate media

    • Mass media simulate or imitate reality

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28

What does social media encourage according to poststructuralism?

  • Filter bubbles

  • Truth bubbles

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29

Give a summary of what each theory thinks of media effects.

  • Functionalism: The media performs functions that contribute to social stability

  • Conflict Theory: The media fosters social inequality

  • Symbolic Interactionism: The media is not just produced, it is also consumed

  • Feminist Theory: The media fosters gender inequality, but it also has the capacity to challenge it

  • Poststructuralism: The media creates multiple realities

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