moisture and vascular considerations quiz

the healthy adult is roughly

60% water

edema is a

10% increase in total body water

to maintain a normal moisture balance, you should avoid

solution

continuous drain

rapid injection

some tips to maintain normal moisture balance

cover with sheet

disinfectants should not be drying

cover cotton with emolliant

avoid warm water solutions

tissue build/humectant

use of massage cream

the solution strength for a case with normal water content

1.5%-2%

dehydration can be

antemortem and postmortem

some examples of antemortem dehydration causes

hemorrhages, febrile diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, some cancers, 1st degree burns, AIDS

some examples of postmortem dehydration

refrigeration, air currents, hypostasis

dehydration mimics

preservation

dessication

mummification

with a dehydrated body, use

dye to trace preservation because dehydrated skin feels embalmed and lots of massage cream on viewable areas

water conditioner and humectant 50/50 mix is a good way to

remove cradle cap and flaky skin

a body with dessication will

decompose more slowly and preserve to a certain extent

arterial and hypoinjection will NOT fix

dehydrated lips, eyelids and fingertips from over-refrigeration

blood is thickened during the

agonal period

blood will clot as it

congeals

formaldehyde is

dehydrating

drainage removes

moisture

the drainage preferred to prevent excess moisture loss

intermittent

slow and large amounts of fluid will

prevent excess fluid loss

co-injections like humectant will offset

the dehydrating effects of HcHO

edema is defined as

the abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces. cavities or both

edema can be

localized or generalized

Phlebitis and CHF are causes of

edema

when the edema gravitates out of face and hands, there might be

wrinkling of the skin

a treatment for wrinkling of the skin is

heat spatula with lots of massage cream

with edema, there is

promotion of bacteria growth

rapid decomp

incisions or sticks may leak

skin slip

when the embalming fluid mixes with edema in body

secondary dilution

"wicking" the incisions with cotton or webroll can

allow for more edema to leave

channeling the neck can

gravitate fluid out of the head

IV sticks can be closed with

super glue

how many times to aspirate an edemic case

as many as it takes

several gallons of fluid may be injection on a case with

edema

nitrogenous wastes are commonly found

when a body has edema

can edema be seen in emaciated bodies

yes

liver cancer may cause jaundice and edema, we can

use jaundice fluid for head and strong fluid for the rest of the body

when working with an edemic case, we want to increase

the solution strength, not amount. we will use co-injections more and less water

since decomposition will happen faster on edemic case, there is

a higher demand for preservation

waterless hypoinjection can treat

edema on the extremities

center of drainage in the heart

right atrium

what kind of drainage should be used for edemic case

continuous

center of circulation in the heart

arch of the aorta

if there is real or potential swelling/trauma to head, a

restricted cervical should be done

cellular/solid edema

will not respond well to arterial embalming, hard when pressed, some steroids cause it

intracellular/pitting edema

fluid between the cells, imprint is left when pushed, responds well to arterial embalming and will gravitate

edema in CHF may be

localized in legs and feet

hydrocele

edema of scrotum

pulmonary

edema of alveolar sacs

general edema term

anasarca

edema in the peritoneal cavity

ascites

hydrothorax

edema in chest cavity

hydrocephalus

edema in cranial cavity

hydropericardium

Edema of the pericardial sac

what type of injection for edemic case

interrupted

1-1.5 gallons can be injected and then allow the body to

'catch up' and drain more

a veteran technique to rid of edema

use of epsom salts

most common area of edema

legs, knee down usually

duct tape can be placed on the palm of hand to

pull wrinkles out of hand

ace wrap or other similar bandage can compress

the arms and legs to reduce edema swelling

ascites will

dilute cavity fluid

for hydrocele, aspirate and inject

phenol or cavity fluid

renal failure is commonly seen with

burned bodies, extreme demand for preservation

vascular system is the

route of delivery for embalming solutions

arteries have these 3 tunics (layers)

1. tunica intima (inner lining)

2. tunica media (middle layer)

3. tunica adventitia (outer layer)

lumen

opening or cavity in the vessel

a healthy lumen will be

clear and pliable

narrowing of the lumen will

restrict flow of fluid and can cause tears of breaks (petechia or aneurysm)

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries, anyone over 30 may have it

on a case with suspected vascular conditions, pre-injection should be

avoided

fully occluded

no lumen

there is potential for poor preservation on a case with

vascular conditions

someone younger dying from heart disease usually has

severe arteriosclerosis

arteriosclerosis is most commonly found in

femoral artery

the first choice of injection for a case with suspected vascular conditions

right common carotid

increasing the fluid strength on someone with a vascular condition is done because

what little fluid they are going to take needs to have enough preserving power

co-injections like vascular conditioner may help

break through some blocked arteries

dyes can be used as a tracer to see where

preservation is getting through

on a case with vascular conditions,

a slow rate of flow should be utilized

the second best option for embalming a case with vascular conditions is

multi-point with higher pressure and pulsation

if injecting through the femoral,

find the softest spot to cut into

a ruptured aortic aneurysm

causes lots of problems if not autopsied

surgical repair of aortic aneurysm leads to

extreme edema

if the aortic semu-lunar valve is damaged, it is no longer the

center of embalming

lung purge can happen with a

ruptured aortic semilunar valve

if the aortic semi-lunar valve is gone, the best option is a

multi-point injection

with CHF, the blood is congested in the

right side of heart

a body with CHF will have

engorged neck veins, darkened facial tissue, cyanotic lips, ears and fingers, generalized edema in extremities and possible ascites

blood is more viscous on a CHF case because of

increase in RBC (polycythemia) and salt retention

an anti-coagulant may help cases with

more viscous blood

on a case with CHF, you should use he

right common carotid and right jugular or restricted cervical

the first gallon should be less astringent on a CHF case as to not

set the facial discolorations

treatment for ascites

trocar tap

this type of drainage should be used on CHF case

continuous

on a case with pulmonary edema,

aspirate and channel neck

a line of demarcation in the face is seen in

CVA and stroke victims

one side is dialated and one side is constricted on a

case of stroke or cerebrovascular accident

you should never "match" the discoloration on the

face of a CVA or stroke case, it will clear

on a case with clotting, the

right common carotid is preferred

why do we choose the RCA for clotting case

the clots will be pushed to the legs

venous clots can cause

distention