ch 9,11-12 review

what's developmental psychology?

Study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life

what's a genotype?

genetic makeup of individual organism

what's a phenotype?

observable traits or characteristics of organism.it Determined by interaction of genetics and environmental factors

what are the periods of development?

prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood

what's the germinal period?

begins with conception and lasts until zygote becomes implanted in the utirere wall. rapid cell division occurs.(lasts from conception to 2 weeks)

What's the embryotic period?

Following implantion, major development occurs in all the organs and systems of the body. takes place though the process of cell division,cell migration,cell differentation,and cell death, as well as hormonal influence. (3-8 weeks)

what's the fetal period?

continued development of physical structures and rapid growth of the body. Increasing levels of behavior,sensory experience, and learning(9 weeks to birth)

what's infancy?

period after the fetal period that last from birth to 2 years of age. Infants are born with reflexes that aid in survival. It includes the rooting reflex which helps them locate food. Turning their heads in the direction of human voices and gaze longer at face-like images.learn to develop motor skills.

What’s childhood?

begins from the age of 2 and last till the age of 12. split into two stages of childhood. (early childhood is from 2-6 years old). Middle childhood is fromm 6-12 years old.

who was Piaget?

developmental psychologist who believed that children reason differently than adults and that a child’s mind develops in a series of stages.

assimilation

dalmation=zebra

cat=dog

accomodation

dalmation is not Zebra

Cat is not dog

What are the stages of cognitive development according to Piaget

Sensorimotor stage

Preoperational stage

Concrete operational stage

Formal operational stage

what’s Sensorimotor stage?

Children younger than 6 months of age do not grasp object permanence. last from birth to two years old

what’s object permanence?

objects that are out of sight are also out of mind.(peek a boo)

Preoperational stage

Young child’s increasing capacity for symbolic thought is reflected in symbolic play and deferred \\n imitation. In symbolic play, one object stands for another. lasts from ages 2-7 includes symbolic thought,symbolic play,derrived imitation,conservation, and Egocentrism

what’s symbolic thought?

*the ability to use words, images, and symbols to represent the world*.

what’s symbolic play?

one object stands for another. A hairbrush can become a microphone.

what’s derrived imitation?

*Deferred imitation* is the capacity to repeat an action observed earlier, such as pretending to be a famous singer onstage. used in symbolic play.Playing pretend

What’s conservation?

For example, in this stage do not understand the concept of \\n conservation, the principle that quantity remains the same \\n despite changes in shape. (milk in two same sized cups at same amount)(milk from cup A is poured into a taller cup)(child thinks cup A has more milk than in cup B). present in Preoperational

what’s Egocentrism

Piaget concluded that preschool children are egocentric. \n They cannot perceive things from another’s point of \n view.(kid talks about dog instead of what other kid is talking about)

what’s the ability to take someone else’s perspective?

Theory of Mind

Concrete operational stage

occurs from ages 7-11.

understands conservation

Can transform mathematical functions. So, if 5 + 7 = \n 12, then a transformation, 12 – 5 = 7, is also easily \n doable.

thinking systematically (and hypothetically) \n remains difficult.

What’s formal operational stage

ages 12 to adulthood

Think abstractly (not just concretely) \n Reason systematically and hypothetically

ethical thinking

what are some critisisms of Piaget’s work?

Children’s thinking is more variable

Children more cognitively competent than Piaget recognized \n Understands contribution of the social world (see Vygotsky) \n Vague about the cognitive processes that give \n rise development

What’s adolecent development

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending in from puberty to independence. TLDR puberty

What are some differences in puberty

occurs earlier in females (11 years) than males (13 \n years).

The landmarks of puberty are for girls menarche – the first \n menstrual period. And for boys the first ejaculation.

What are Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development?