BIOL 1406 Learning Objectives for Cell Transport

These flashcards cover key concepts on cell transport mechanisms including passive and active transport, types of diffusion, solution effects on cells, and processes such as endocytosis and exocytosis.

Define diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration.

What is facilitated diffusion and provide an example?

Facilitated diffusion requires a protein carrier molecule to move molecules; for example, glucose.

Define osmosis.

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of greater water concentration to a region of lesser water concentration.

What is filtration in the context of cell transport?

Filtration is a method of using filter paper to separate liquids and solids or mixtures.

List three factors that influence the rate of diffusion.

Higher concentration, higher temperature, and lower molecular weight.

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?

The cell swells and can rupture due to the lower solute concentration outside the cell.

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?

The cell shrinks due to the higher solute concentration outside the cell.

What happens to a red blood cell in an isotonic solution?

The cell maintains its normal shape as solute concentrations are the same inside and outside the cell.

Define hemolysis.

Hemolysis is the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.

Define crenation.

Crenation is the shriveling of red blood cells due to water loss in a hypertonic solution.

Compare active transport and endocytosis.

Active transport moves small molecules and ions through protein pumps, while endocytosis is a form of active transport that brings in large molecules by forming a vesicle.

What is phagocytosis? Provide an example.

Phagocytosis, known as 'cell eating', is the process in which cells engulf large molecules or particles, such as bacteria.

What is exocytosis?

Exocytosis is the process of releasing substances from the cell to the exterior.

What is passive transport?

Passive transport does not require ATP and moves molecules from high to low concentration.

What is active transport?

Active transport requires ATP to move molecules from low to high concentration against a concentration gradient.

Define diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration.