W - BIOL200 - 4.1-4.2 GENES AND MRNA, GENOME & CHROMOSOMAL STRUCTURE
Studied by 0 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/30
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
31 Terms
Q: What are the 3 basic elements of a gene?
A: Promoter, coding region, terminator.
Q: What does the promoter do?
A: It’s a DNA region before a gene where RNA polymerase binds and starts transcription.
Q: What does the coding region do?
A: It codes for an RNA molecule (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA).
Q: What does the terminator do?
A: It signals transcription to stop.
Q: What is the template strand?
A: DNA strand that is transcribed.
Q: What is the coding strand?
A: The complementary strand to the template; same sequence as mRNA except T vs. U.
Q: How is DNA read for transcription?
A: 3′ to 5′ direction.
Q: How is RNA synthesized?
A: 5′ to 3′ direction.
Q: What does the 5′ UTR contain?
A: Ribosome binding site.
Q: What marks where translation begins?
A: Start codon.
Q: What marks where translation stops?
A: Stop codon.
Q: What is polycistronic mRNA?
A: One mRNA strand encodes multiple proteins.
Q: In mRNA synthesis, which strand is used as template?
A: The template strand (3′ to 5′).
Q: What does the genetic code being universal, redundant, and non-overlapping mean?
A: Same code for all life, multiple codons per amino acid, codons read one at a time.
Q: What is the genome?
A: All of an organism’s genetic material.
Q: How are prokaryotic chromosomes arranged?
A: Circular, in a nucleoid.
Q: How are eukaryotic chromosomes arranged?
A: Linear, wrapped around histones → nucleosomes → chromatin fiber.
Q: What is a nucleosome?
A: DNA wrapped around histones.
Q: What do genes code for?
A: Polypeptides (proteins) or RNA.
Q: What do exons and introns do?
A: Exons code for mature RNA; introns are removed.
Q: How many chromosomes do humans have?
A: 46 total, 23 pairs.
Q: What does diploid mean?
A: Two copies of each chromosome (2n).
Q: What does haploid mean?
A: One copy of each chromosome (1n).
Q: What is polyploidy?
A: More than two copies of each chromosome.
Q: What is a homologous pair?
A: Pair from each parent with same genes but possibly different alleles.
Q: What are autosomes?
A: Non-sex chromosomes.
Q: What determines biological sex?
A: Sex chromosomes (XX = female, XY = male).
Q: What is a sister chromatid?
A: Identical copy of a chromosome after DNA replication.
Q: How many chromosomes does 1 pair of sister chromatids equal?
A: One chromosome until they separate.
Q: When do sister chromatids become separate chromosomes?
A: After they are pulled apart in cell division.
Q: Are homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids the same?
A: No!