Vet Med Science - Exam 1

Lecture 1-7

Diagnosis

Identification of the disease or condition

Differential diagnosis

List of possible diseases explaining signs

Prognosis

Predicted outcome or course of disease

Acute

Sudden onset, short duration

Chronic

Long-term or persistant

Subclinical

Disease present but no visible signs

Idiopathic

Unknown cause

Iatrogenic

Caused by medical treatment

Heart rate abbreviation

bpm

Respiration rate abbreviation

rpm or rr

Normal bpm, rpm, temp (F) of a dog

60-160, 10-30, 101-102.5

Normal bpm, rpm, temp (F) of a cat

140-220, 20-30, 100.5-102.5

Normal bpm, rpm, temp (F) of a horse

28-44, 8-16, 99-103.5

Normal bpm, rpm, temp (F) of cattle

48-84, 10-30, 101-103

Normal bpm, rpm, temp (F) of a goat/sheep

70-120, 12-20, 101.5-103.5

Root - cardi-, meaning - _____, example - _______

heart, cardiology

Cardiology

study of the heart

Root - hemat-, meaning - _____, example - _______

blood, hematology

Hematology

study of blood

Root - Dermat-, meaning - _____, example - _______

skin, dermatology

Dermatology

study of the skin

Root - gastr-, meaning - _____, example - _______

stomach, gastrology

Gastrology

study of the stomach

Root - enter-, meaning - _____, example - _______

small intestine, enterology

Enterology

study of the stomach

Combining vowel

used to connect a root to another word part, most commonly a suffix, does not provide meaning, simply makes the word flow better, i.e. hemat/o/logy

Combining form of cardi

cardi/o

Combining form of hemat

hemat/o

Combining form of dermat

dermat/o

Combining form of gastr

gastr/o

Combining form of enter

enter/o

arthr/o-

joint

bi/o-

life

carcin/o

cancer

cephal/o

head

col/o-, colon/o

colon (large intestine)

cyst/o

urinary bladder, cyst

cyt/o

cell

encephal/o

brain

erythr/o

red

glyc/o

sugar

hepat/o

liver

leuk/o

white

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

ophthalm/o

eye

oste/o

bone

path/o

disease

rhin/o

nose

thromb/o

clot

ur/o

urine, urinary tract

prefix: sub-, meaning: _____, example: ______, definition: _____

below, subgastric, located below the stomach

prefix: epi-, meaning: _____, example: ______, definition: _____

above, epigastric, located above the stomach

prefix: trans-, meaning: _____, example: ______, definition: _____

across, transgastric, passing through or across the stomach

prefix: a-, an-, meaning: ____

without, lack of

prefix: endo-, meaning: ____

within

prefix: epi-, meaning: ____

above

prefix: ex-, exo-, meaning: ____

outside, away from

prefix: hyper-, meaning: ____

excessive, above normal

prefix: hypo-, meaning: ____

below normal, deficient

prefix: intra-, meaning: ____

within

prefix: retro-, meaning: ____

behind

prefix: sub-, meaning: ____

below

prefix: trans-, meaning: ____

across

root word: cyan/o, meaning: _____, example: ______, what it refers to: ______

blue, cyanosis, blueish skin from low oxygen

root word: erythr/o, meaning: _____, example: ______, what it refers to: ______

red, erythrocyte, red blood cell

root word: leuk/o (leuc/o), meaning: _____, example: ______, what it refers to: ______

white, leukemia, white blood cell disease

root word: melan/o, meaning: _____, example: ______, what it refers to: ______

black/dark, melanoma, dark-pigmented skin cancer

root word: chlor/o, meaning: _____, example: ______, what it refers to: ______

green, chlorophyll (rare in medicine), green pigment (rare clinical use)

root word: rubr/o, meaning: _____, example: ______, what it refers to: ______

red, rubor, redness (inflammation)

root word: poli/o, meaning: _____, example: ______, what it refers to: ______

gray, poliomyelitis, gray matter of spinal cord

suffix: -ic, meaning: _____, example: ______, definition: ______

pertaining to, gastric, pertaining to the stomach

suffix: -logy, meaning: _____, example: ______, definition: ______

study of, hematology, study of blood

suffix: -itis, meaning: _____, example: ______, definition: ______

inflammation, enteritis, inflammation of the small intestine

suffix: -algia, meaning: ______

pain

suffix: -centesis, meaning: ______

surgical puncture

suffix: -cyte, meaning: ______

cell

suffix: -ectomy, meaning: ______

surgical removal

suffix: -emia, meaning: ______

blood condition

suffix: -itis, meaning: ______

inflammation

suffix: -logy, meaning: ______

study of

suffix: -oma, meaning: ______

tumor or mass

suffix: -osis, meaning: ______

abnormal condition

suffix: -pathy, meaning: ______

disease

suffix: -scope, meaning: ______

viewing instrument

suffix: -scopy, meaning: ______

visual examination

suffix: -tomy, meaning: ______

incision, cutting into

The two formats of most medical terms

root word + (optional) combining form of root word + suffix OR prefix + combining form of root word + (optional) combining form of root word + suffix

Dissect the term osteoarthritis

osteo - bone, arthr - joint, itis - inflammation

Dissect the term antibacterial

anti - against or opposed to, bacteri - bacteria, al - pertaining to

Essential rules for interpreting medical terms:

-remove the combining vowel before a vowel suffix

-define terms from the end backward

-keep the combining vowel between two roots

-roots usually follow anatomical order

-some terms have specialized meaning

lecture 1 slide 33

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