Unit 3 Land Based Empire 1450-1700

Pachacuti

Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca

Mehmet II (1451-1481)

leader of the Ottoman Empire (Turks), he conquered Constantinople (from the Byantines, a Christian center) took it as their own capitol and renamed it Istanbul (Islamic capital)

Barbur

Muslim warrior who established the Mughal Empire in modern day India

Shah Ismail I

Founder of Safavid Empire in 1501, ruled until 1524; made Twelver Shiism the official religion of the empire and imposed it upon his Sunni Islam subjects;

Tokugawa Shogunate

was a semi-feudal government of Japan in which one of the shoguns unified the country under his family's rule. They moved the capital to Edo, which now is called Tokyo. This family ruled from Edo 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration.

Nurhaci

architect of Manchu unity in China; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Manchuria; adopted Chinese bureaucracy and court ceremonies in Manchuria, entered China and successfully captured Ming capital at Beijing

Peter the Great

(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.

Istanbul

Capital of the Ottoman Empire; named this after 1453 and the sack of Constantinople.

Fall of Constantinople

Finally overcome by the Ottoman turks in 1453, this important trade interchanged moved from a Christian center to a Muslim stronghold

Safavid Empire

Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. (Formally Persia)

Shia Islam

minority branch of Islam; belief that only a descendant of Ali can be caliph

Battle of Panipat

Babur defeated bigger Indian army using cannons and musketry. superior tactics vs superior numbers, started the founding of the Mughal Empire

Bakafu

how the military leaders (shogun) in Japan were collectively referred to in the 1450-1700 time period

Romanov

Russian family that came to power in 1613 and ruled for three centuries until World War I

St. Petersburg

Built in Russia by Peter the Great of Russia to attract europeans and to get warm water ports.

Samurai

Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.

Ottomans vs. Safavids

Empires that fought over land, access to trade, and the practice of Sunnis vs ShiiteIslam

Ivan the Terrible (IV)

considered the first Czar of Russia because of his cruel but effective centralizing efforts

Volga

longest river in Europe through Russia

Qing Imperial Portraits

Qing emperors have portraits made of themselves that portray them as Chinese, and not as foreign steppe nomads. (legitamacy)

Mughal mausolea and mosques

Mughal Architecture is the type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in South Asia. Example, the Taj Mahal

Zamindars

a local official in Mongul India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government (administration)

Devshirme

'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries (in the Ottoman military)

Ottoman Tax Farming

Assigned to holders (timars) who paid fixed annual sums to the empire's central treasury in exchange for use of the property and the right to collect taxes for the empire - they were able to keep a portion of their collections as profit

Battle of Tondibi

invading Moroccans used firearms to crush the Songhai empire