Medieval England pt.1 without nationalism

Nationalism is on the pt. 2

Saxons

Germanic tribes controlling England before the Normans.

Alfred the Great

Ruler of England in 871, known for defense.

Wessex

Kingdom in southern England ruled by Alfred.

Shire

District in England governed by local officials.

Shire-reeve

Official responsible for governing a shire.

Sheriff

Term derived from shire-reeve, local law enforcer.

Danes

Norsemen who invaded and controlled England by 1013.

Edward the Confessor

Anglo-Saxon king chosen after Danish rule.

William of Normandy

Claimed English throne after Edward's death.

Harold of Wessex

Noble chosen by English to oppose William.

Battle of Hastings

1066 conflict where William defeated Harold.

William I of England

First Norman king after conquest of England.

Oath of allegiance

Feudal lords pledged loyalty to William.

Doomsday Book

Survey determining wealth for tax purposes.

William II (Rufus)

Son of William I, king from 1087.

Henry I

Ruled from 1100-1135, strengthened royal power.

Travelling judges

Judges sent by Henry I to enforce law.

Henry II

King from 1154-1189, sought supreme authority.

Thomas Becket

Archbishop who opposed royal court jurisdiction.

Lay investiture

Appointment of church officials by secular leaders.

Richard I (Lionhearted)

King known for Crusades, ruled 1189-1199.

John I (Softsword)

Incompetent ruler, signed Magna Carta in 1215.

Magna Carta

Document limiting king's power, ensuring rights.

Parliament

Developed in 1265, mixed nobles and commoners.

Bicameral

Parliament structure with two houses.