BIOSTAT LESSON 1 (copy)

Bio

means life

Statistics

means “science that deals with the collection, organization, summarization, presentation and analysis of data”

Mathematical Statistics

the study and development of statistical theory and methods in the abstract

Applied Statistics

statistical methods to solve real problems involving randomly generated and the development of new statistical methodology motivated by real problems

Mathematical statistics and Applied statistics

Field of statistics

Inferential statistics and Descriptive Statistics

Branch of statistics

Descriptive statistics

it aims at summarizing data in the form of whivh will make them easier to analyze and interpret

Inferential statistics

it aims at drawing and making decision on the population based in evidence obtained from a sample

Parametric statistics and Non parametric statistics

Classification of statistics

Parametric statistics

it is a statistical approach that assumes random sample from a normal distribution and involves testing hypothesis about the population mean

Non parametric statistics

it is a statistical approach with no underlying data distribution assumed and involves hypothesis testing about a population median

Measurement

the process of assigning numbers according to individual persons based on degree to which they a process a particular characteristics

Level of measurement

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio scale and variables

Nominal Scale

observation can be named without particular order or ranking imposed on the data

Ordinal scale

describing ranking or order. the difference of ratio between two ranking may not always be the same

Interval scale

indicates an actual amount (numerical). The order and the difference between the variables can be known

Interval Scale

its limitation is it has no “true zero”

Ratio Scale

it has the same properties as the interval level

Ratio scale

the order and difference can be described and it has a true zero

Variables

refers ti characteristics of persons or object which can take on different values or labels for different persons or objects under consideration

Qualitative variables

categories are simply used as label to distinguish or group to another

Quantitative variables

• numeric variables

• can be measured and ordered according to quantity

Continous Variable

can measure any value (possibly unbouded) interval of real numbers

Discrete variables

assume only isolated values

Internal data

data that relates to the activities within the organization collecting data

External data

data that relates to the activities outside the organization collecting the data

Statistical and non statistical

Datas

Primary source and Secondary source

Sources of data

Primary source

refers to data that comes from the original sources and is collected especially for the task at hand.

Primary source

it is a firsthand account presented by someone present or actively participating in the event

Primary source

manuscripts, photographs, oral histories and personal journals

Secondary source

refers to data collected by others for another purpose

Secondary source

textbooks, encyclopedia, electronic sources and reviews

Parametric

more than 30 population

Non parametric

focus on median

Paper-based purpose and electronic sources

there are two classifications

Mailed questionnaire, Interview, Observation, Telephone Interview and Experiment

Methods of data collection