primary socialisation 1

murray and herrnstein

• nature argument

• NR perspective

• The bell curve 1994

• they argue some people are born with a predisposition to aggression,

• argumentativeness

• temper

• impulsiveness

• low IQ = they cannot foresee consequences

• these people are more likely to commit crime if they are not socialised into acceptable behaviours in their childhood/ by family

• by interviewing at a young age personal traits such as impulsivity and lack of empathy are controlled and or changed

• agree that nurture can help reduce it

parons

• functionalist

• use nature to explain career choices and behaviour differences

• expressive / instrumental roles

• women = more suited to expressive roles: emphasising emotion, caring

• men = instrumental: idea candidates: competition, aggression, achievement

• this implies that men are more suited for paid employment and women suitable for domesticity

• this suggests that any difference we see are the result of inane and biological factors over socialisation

simpson

• norms differ depending on place

• sample of gay men who described ‘de-gaying’ n ‘heterospaces’

• dressed and acted more flamboyant in safe ‘homospaces’ = gay bars

an example of norm chaning over time

• n the past it was a ‘norm’ for men to ‘look after’ women by caring for them financially and emotionally

• society has embraced feminism so this is no longer a norm and goes under the name of ‘trad wife’

• it is now a norm for women to be financially independant

ghuman

• different cultures have different parenting values

• British asian parents having different values to white parents

• child in his study were taught:

• value respect for elders

• humility

• loyalty to family more highly than the white British child might

Sharpe

• shares study showed how female values had changed from 1970 to 1990

• 1970= marriage love children

• 1990 - careers, money, travel

• argues nature as norms are not innate but constructed through socialisation, culture, time and environments

feral children

• feral wolf children

• kamla, oxana, amala, genie

• those raised in the wild or prolonged isolation from human company

• feral children seem: stupid, unresponsive, animal like

• deprived of the stimulation of human company

• stripped of the opportunity to acquire human language in early life

• barely recognisable as ‘human’

• demonstrates what happens to human development when starved of human contact

• if it was biological instinct to walk speak smile then these feral children would have done these regardless of how they were brought up

• these demonstrate how nurture is clearly more influential

• they learned rather than inherited naturally

oakley

• gender socialisation

• she identified two central processes to the construction of gender identity

• manipulation = encouraging gender based stereotypes behaviour

• if a boy gets muddy = congratulate him for attempting something adventurous

• discouraging girls from doing anything that would get them dirty /adverterous

• canalisation = parents channel children’s interests such as toys and and activities such as s’normal for that sex’

• boys are encouraged to play with action figures funs football

• girls are to play with dolls and toy ovens

• parents act as role models: if girls watch their mums doing house work meaning they might perceive them selves as a domestic worker when older

gillies

• conducted parenting and class study

• mc vs wc parents and the ways they engaged in parenting

• mc = range of resources to support children, focusing on skills and education, given positive sanctions in succeeding at School

• wc = provided strategies to cope with poverty, low social status, vulnerability to emotion and physical sbuse and violence

• wc focused on providing emotional strength and strategies to cope with injustice and hardship

murray

• single parent families are ‘inadequate socialisers’ because they do not have two role models & the lack of a father figure

• 90% of single families were female headed

• the lack of a father figure is destructive for kids as women can’t discipline their children as well as men

• single parents who live on state benefits are at the heart of so called ‘underclass’ that has appeared in the inner city

• underclass = socialise children into a culture revolving around crime, delinquency, anti authority, anti work, anti family life

• teenage girls are deliberately getting pregnant to get state benefits or council flats

• the underclass become ‘welfare dependent’ & the gov become sole source of income

mcrobbie and barber

• gender differences are a result of parents treating girls and boys differently

• giving girls more sanctions if they misbehave

• boys given more freedom

• girls controlled more closely leading to bedroom culture

• girls forced to stay inside for ‘safety’ than boys

• media becomes a key influence in contrast to b boys who allow out to play

• feminists say this perpetuates patriarchal ideas