biology 1

Matter is composed of __________, substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemically into other substances.

elements

Each element has a constant number of __________ and unique properties.

protons

An atom is the smallest component of an __________ that retains the chemical properties of that element.

element

The positive particles in an atom are called __________.

protons

A __________ is a negatively charged particle that travels in the space around the nucleus.

electron

Neutrons have a mass of 1 and __________ charge.

no

The __________ number of an element is equal to the number of protons that element contains.

atomic

The __________ number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons of that element.

mass

Different elements are organized in the __________ based on their unique properties.

periodic table

Isotopes are different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of __________.

neutrons

When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positively charged __________.

cation

Chemical bonds form when atoms either share, accept, or __________ electrons.

donate

A __________ bond is formed when an electron is shared between two elements.

covalent

In a __________ covalent bond, the electrons are shared equally between the atoms.

nonpolar

The unique properties of water are due to the presence of __________ bonds between water molecules.

hydrogen

Buffers help maintain pH by absorbing excess __________ or OH^– ions.

H⁺

Acids are substances that provide __________ ions (H⁺) to a solution.

hydrogen

The pH scale ranges from 0 to __________, with 7 being neutral.

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