Blood supply of head and neck

What are 3 arterial supplies of the head and neck?

• common carotid artery

• vertebral artery

• subclavian artery

How is the branching out of the right and left common carotid artery different?

the right common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk

the left common carotid artery arises from the aortic arch directly - no brachiocephalic artery

What 4 arteries emerge from the aortic arch that supply blood to the head and neck?

brachiocephalic artery - right subclavian and right common carotid

left side, the left subclavian and the left common carotid emerge from the aortic arch directly

the common carotid runs up till where, then what does it do, what do they supply?

the common carotid runs upwards in the neck to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

then it divides into external and internal carotid arteries

the external carotid artery supplies the head and neck

the internal carotid artery supplies the cranial cavity - through the carotid foramen

What is found in the carotid sheath? (4)

carotid artery - travels within the carotid sheath

internal jugular vein

vagus nerve

lymph nodes - deep cervical lymph nodes

What does the external carotid artery branch out into? (7)

• posterior auricular artery

• occipital artery

• superficial temporal

• maxillary artery

• facial artery

• lingual artery

• superior thyroid

Where does the maxillary artery arise from and it supplies to?

arises behind the angle of the mandible

supplies the deep structures of the face

• branches of the external carotid artery

What does the maxillary artery have?

branches as well

Name 7 important branches to dentistry of the maxillary artery?

inferior alveolar artery

posterior superior alveolar artery

infraorbital artery

descending palatine artery

artery of the pterygoid canal and pharyngeal artery

sphenopalatine artery

What does the infra orbital artery do?

what 2 branches do they give rise to?

what do they supply? (3)

give rise to the anterior and middle superior alveolar branches

supply upper incisors, canines and maxillary sinus

What does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply to ? (3)

molar premolars and lining of sinus and gums

What are the inferior alveolar artery branches? (4 branches)

descends close to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus. before entering the foramen it gives of the mylohyoid branch (floor and muscle) which supplies tissue in the floor of the mouth

incisor branch (supply to mandibular incisors), mental branch (exits via mental foramen), lingual branch (floor and tongue)

What does the descending palatine artery supply to? (5)

gums , palatine glands, roof of the mouth, soft palate and palatine tonsils

what do the artery of pterygoid canal and pharyngeal artery supply to? (2)

upper part of the pharynx and the auditory tube

What does the sphenopalatine artery supply to? (5)

frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses, nasal septum

Label these

the infraorbital artery exits from the infraorbital foramen

where does the facial artery emerge from?

what is its course?

site of facial what?

branches and what do they supply to (2)?

arises from the anterior side of the external carotid artery

courses first median to the mandible then anterior

site of facial pulse

1) superior and inferior labial arteries - upper and lower lips

2) angular artery - nose and corner of the eye

Recall the 7 branches of the external carotid?

posterior auricular artery

occipital artery

superficial temporal

maxillary

facial

lingual

superior thyroid

The superficial temporal artery is one of what kind of branches?

how dies it arise?

many branches to what?

a branch to the ?

one of terminal branches

arises anterior to external auditory meatus and travels deep to the parotid gland

many branches to the scalp

branches to the face - trans facial artery - above the carotid duct

The internal carotid artery passes into the skull via?

cavernous sinus - found on the lateral aspects of the sella turcica

into skull through carotid canal

What are structures passing through the cavernous canal?

interior carotid, cranial nerves 3,4,5, 6

What is the clinical significance of an infection in the sinus?

blurred vision

including the internal carotid, what are 2 other cranial cavity arteries, they are from what arteries, enter via which foramens?

vertebral artery - from the subclavian artery - foramen magnum

middle meningeal artery - from the maxillary artery of the external carotid - enter through the foramen spinosum - runs just behind the pterion

The middle meningeal artery courses where?

supplies what?

what is clinical relevance?

courses outside the dura

supplies the calvarium

epidural hematoma - bleeding between the dura and bone

What are the 2 branches of the face of the internal carotid

supratrochlear artery - above the trochlear

supraorbital artery - above orbit to scalp

supratrochlear artery is to the medial side of the supraorbital artery

both emerge from the supraorbital foramen or supraorbital notch

The blood supply to the brain converge at the?

circle of Willis - cerebral arterial circle

Name 7 arteries that supply the circle of Willis

anterior middle and posterior cerebral artery

internal carotid

vertebral supplies the basilar artery

posterior communicating artery

What does the vertebral artery do?

transfer oxygenated blood from subclavian artery up through the transverse foraminae of the atlas (cervical vertebrae) - and to the basilar artery of the brain

What does the basilar artery do?

transfers oxygenated blood from the vertebral arteries to the circle of Willis of the brain

What does the internal carotid arteries do?

transfers oxygenated blood from the common carotid arteries of the neck to the circle of Willis

What does the circle of Willis do?

transfer the oxygenated blood from incoming arteries to deep internal arteries of the brain

surface marking of the carotid artery and superficial temporal artery