Male Reproductive System - Unit 6

Testes

Endocrine glands that produce sperm and testosterone, contributing to secondary sexual characteristics.

Epididymis

Where sperm are matured and stored.

Hypospadias and Epispadias

Conditions affecting the urethra's opening in males.

What is cryptorchidism?

Undescended testes

Which side is most affected by cryptorchidism?

Right side

What percentage of full-term births are affected by cryptorchidism?

3%

What percentage of preterm births are affected by cryptorchidism?

30%

What is the increased risk associated with cryptorchidism?

Testicular cancer

What is infertility?

Inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse.

What factors can impair fertility?

Factors in men, women, or a combination of both.

what are testes disorders ?

torsion- twist and cutoff of blood supply

orchitis - acute teste inflammation

hypogonadism - low levels of sex hormones

Hypogonadism

Caused by defects that interrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.

how do we treat hypogonadism

long term hormone replacement

treating underlying causes

what is testosterones action ?

binds to androgen receptors / mimics hormone and binds to site

why is testosterone not addictive

because it is a controlled substance

what do we use testosterone to treat

hypogonadism

delayed male puberty

what is the administration route for testosterone

PO, IM, TD, and topical

what are the side effects of testosterone use

edema

deepening of the voice

decreased libido

clitoral enlargement

decreased breast size

acne and facial hair

what are the adverse effects of testosterone use

deep vein thrombosis

hepatotoxicity

stroke

suicidal thoughts

pulmonary embolism

what are contraindication of testosterone use

heart attack / stoke within past 6 months

males with breast/prostate cancer

what nursing edication needs to be provided for clients on testosterone

educate on signs of stroke, heart attack, DVT, and liver failure

emphasize important follow up

Erectile dysfunction (ED)

Impotence; inability to attain or maintain an erection, more common in older men.

sildenafil action and use

works by relaxing smooth muscle and increasing blood flow

used with ED and BPH

what route and how often can sildenafil be taken

PO , once a day

what are side effects of sildenafil

flushing

dyspepsia - heartburn

headache

dizziness

hyptension

what are adverse effects of sildenafil

priapism - prolonged erection

myocardial infarction - heart attack

vision/hearing loss

what are some contraindication of sildenafil

use of nitrites or tamsulosin (cause life threatening BP drop )

sever hypotension

recent MI or stroke

what nursing education is provided for clients taking sildenaful

dont take more than one daily

report priapism

educate on use of nitrites or tamsulosin since they are both PRN

What is the second most common cancer in men?

Prostate Cancer : mostly slow growing

What are some risk factors for prostate cancer?

Age, black men, obesity, and positive family Hx

how to differentiate between BPH and prostate cancer

blood levels will be up with cancer and not BPH

Orchiectomy

Surgical removal of one or both testes, which may require testosterone replacement therapy.

Orchitis

Inflammation of one or both testes.

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis.

Phimosis

foreskin cannot be pulled back

Paraphimosis

Inability to return the retracted foreskin to its normal position.

Peyronie disease

Development of fibrous scar tissue inside the penis

Balanitis

Inflammed penis