topic 1 : allotropes of carbon

diamond : uses

Cutting tools e.g. diamond tipped glass cutters - it is rigid, very hard and has a high melting point

diamond : melt/ boil points

High melting and boiling points - lots
of energy needed to break strong
covalent bonds

diamond : conducting

Doesn’t conduct electricity - no charged particles to carry the charge

diamond : carbon atoms and electrons

Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
No free electrons

graphite : uses

Electrodes in electrolysis - conducts electricity
Machine lubricants - slippery and high
melting point

graphite : melt / boil points

High melting and boiling points - lots of energy needed to break strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms

graphite : soft / slippery

Soft and slippery - not much energy needed to break weak intermolecular forces between layers

graphite : carbon atoms / conducting

Can conduct electricity - free electrons that can move
Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds leaving one electron free (delocalised)

graphene : melt / boil points

High melting and boiling points - lots
of energy needed to break strong
covalent bonds

graphene : strong

Strong - lots of energy needed to
break strong covalent bonds

graphene : carbon atoms / conducting

Conducts electricity - free
electrons that can move
Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds leaving one electron free (delocalised)
● Single layer thick

nanotubes : uses

used in medicines, cosmetics, sunscreens, electronics
- high surface area to volume ratio

fullerenes : uses

machine lubricants

fullerenes and nanotubes : carbon atoms

Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds leaving one electron free (delocalised)