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Electrolysis
A process where electricity breaks up an ionic compound
What do you meet to carry out electrolysis?
We need an electrolyte that can conduct electricity. Either a molten or dissolved ionic compound. In both cases ions can move freely so can move from one electrode to another
Electrode
Link between the liquid and electric circuit. Often made of graphite as it is unreactive and a good conductor of electricity
Electrolyte
A molten of dissolved ionic compound that is decomposed when a current passes
Anode
Negative ions moved towards it and lose an electron becoming an atom. They are oxidised
Cathode
Positive ions move towards it and gain electrons forming atoms. They are reduced
Which ions will react at the electrode?
The least stable ones
What is the overall equation of the electrolysis of water with sulfuric acid?
2H20 → 2H2 + 02
What is the overall equation of the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution?
2NaCl +2H20 → 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
What is the use of sodium oxide?
To make soap
What is the use of hydrogen?
Fuel
What is the use of chlorine?
To kill bacteria in water
Chemical cells
They produce a voltage until one reactor is used up. With rechargeable batteries the reaction can be reversed by applying an electric current.
Fuel cell
Works in the same way as a chemical cell but can have a continuous supply of reactants. In the cell a reverse of electrolysis occurs. The H2-02 cell provides electricity in space-craft and submarine. The hydrogen and oxygen react to form water and produce electricity. It can be obtained by the electrolysis of water and are constantly supplied so that the cell doesn't need recharging and does not run down
Use of electrolysis
Electroplating: improve appearance, improve resistance to corrosion, makes it look more expensive