electrolysis

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15 Terms

1
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Electrolysis

A process where electricity breaks up an ionic compound

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What do you meet to carry out electrolysis?

We need an electrolyte that can conduct electricity. Either a molten or dissolved ionic compound. In both cases ions can move freely so can move from one electrode to another

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Electrode

Link between the liquid and electric circuit. Often made of graphite as it is unreactive and a good conductor of electricity

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Electrolyte

A molten of dissolved ionic compound that is decomposed when a current passes

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Anode

Negative ions moved towards it and lose an electron becoming an atom. They are oxidised

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Cathode

Positive ions move towards it and gain electrons forming atoms. They are reduced

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Which ions will react at the electrode?

The least stable ones

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What is the overall equation of the electrolysis of water with sulfuric acid?

2H20 → 2H2 + 02

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What is the overall equation of the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution?

2NaCl +2H20 → 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2

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What is the use of sodium oxide?

To make soap

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What is the use of hydrogen?

Fuel

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What is the use of chlorine?

To kill bacteria in water

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Chemical cells

They produce a voltage until one reactor is used up. With rechargeable batteries the reaction can be reversed by applying an electric current.

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Fuel cell

Works in the same way as a chemical cell but can have a continuous supply of reactants. In the cell a reverse of electrolysis occurs. The H2-02 cell provides electricity in space-craft and submarine. The hydrogen and oxygen react to form water and produce electricity. It can be obtained by the electrolysis of water and are constantly supplied so that the cell doesn't need recharging and does not run down

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Use of electrolysis

Electroplating: improve appearance, improve resistance to corrosion, makes it look more expensive