Exp methods psych ex 1

A statistics professor suggests their class pay attention to the bolded terms in the text in preparation for the next exam. One student decides to do this because on the previous exam there was an entire section devoted to definitions. The mental shortcut they used to make this decision is called the

Availability Heuristic

Availability heuristic

 if we can think of it easily, it is more likely to happen

Makayla is offered a position at their company that will promote them to assistant manager and give them a pay raise of $5/hour more than they're making now. They know they won't like working nights and weekends, which is a requirement of the position, but decide to take it anyway because the pay and promotion are just too good to refuse. What type of flaw in thinking is Makayla exhibiting?

focusing effect

focusing effect

focus too much on one aspect of a situation and ignoring all other parts, decision making

Virgil continues to attribute sounds and odd sensations in his house to the presence of ghosts, although he knows that ghosts are not real. This is an example of

belief perserverance

belief perserverance

continue to believe something even when there is evidence that goes against that belief.

Marigold is told by mother that her intellectual abilities are the result of a "baby genius" program that mother enrolled her in when she was infant. Now Marigold has taken developmental psychology, she is filled with questions on how much an infant can learn at such a young age and whether such programs lead to any intellectual advances. What characteristic of a good scientist is Marigold demonstrating?

skepticism

The use of double-blind experiments in psychological research, whereby both the participants and the researchers are unaware of which experimental group the participants have been assigned to, is employed to increase the researchers

objectivity

hindsight bias

“I knew it all along”

condirmation bias

seeking information that aligns solely with your beliefs

Share findings with others

Dr. Dasha notes that employers are becoming more heavily involved in social media for recruiting prospective employees. Dr. Dasha thinks that social media use positively impacts one's ability tomarket their skills which will lead to better employment opportunities. In this instance, Dr. Dasha is demonstrating which strategy for generating a hypothesis?

changing the directionality

Change the directionality

think about how variables could influence one another

Ex: people who already learn well are more likely to choose group study 

 If Salima begins working with a colleague on a study that has neither an independent nor dependent variable identified, she is MOST likely conducting a

correlational study

within subjects study

one group tests 2 different conditions

between subjects study

 2 separate groups, one tests one condition other group tests other condition

introspection

 learning from your own feelings/experiences. ex: “when I study, I get distracted”

conceptual defintion in a hypothesis

 what it means in general

operational definition in a hypothesis

how its used in a study or measured

independent variable

The manipulated or controlled variable. Groups, values, conditions

dependent variable

what researcher is measuring, the outcome/effect

Utilitarian ethical perspective

greatest good for greatest amount of people

Altruistic ethical perspective

most selfless action

Egoism ethical perspective

acting with own self interests

belmont principle 1

beneficence and nonmaleficence - weigh benefits vs risks before starting the study

beneficence

choose research questions that improve well being

nonmaleficence

do no harm, minimize or eliminate physical, psychological, social, legal, and economic risks

Belmont principle 2

Justice and fairness in participant selection, don’t want to exclude or exploit groups

Belmont principle 3

respect for persons (autonomy)- voluntary consent right to withdraw, clear language, purpose/risks of study

An elderly man with a cane pretends to collapse in a subway car. In some cases, blood trickles from his mouth, but in other cases, no blood is visable. If someone approaches him, he allows the helper to assist him. If no one approaches before the train reaches a stop, a confederate helps the man. Hidden observers record who helps and how long it takes each person to do so.

Independent variable

An elderly man with a cane pretends to collapse in a subway car. In some cases, blood trickles from his mouth, but in other cases, no blood is visable. If someone approaches him, he allows the helper to assist him. If no one approaches before the train reaches a stop, a confederate helps the man. Hidden observers record who helps and how long it takes each person to do so.

Dependent variable

A researcher is interested in the effects of social influence on public compliance. Participants will be seated in a room with two other people and shown images of lines of differing lengths. They will be asked to estimate whether the lines match in length. Unbeknownst to the participant, two confederates of the study will consistently provide wrong answers.

Needs full review by IRB Comittee. Misleads participants

A research study examines judgments about wrongdoing. Participants are asked to read scenarios about different crimes and make judgments about the severity of the crime and how much blame the criminal deserves.

Needs full review by IRB Comittee. Could trigger emotional distress

A researcher explores moods and cognitive performance by asking people to watch stand-up comedy clips or horror movie clips subsequent to completing a cognitive ability assessment.

Expedited review. Minimal risks

The rsearcher manipulates the what variable?

Independent

According to the IRB, activites that do not meet the federal defintion of what are exluded by regulations and do not require IRB approval?

Human subjects

The principle of what ensures that there is no bias in selecting participants for a study

Justice

One thing we've learned from studies that have led to psychological harm, is:

inducing stress is justified if potential benefits outweigh the costs.

representative heuristic

stereotypes about people

systematic source of research

past research, already exists/already learned

non systematic research

random thought