Tyranny, Democracy, Empire unit 4

The story of Aeneid

A myth-history of Rome. Follows story of Aneas. It Glorified Rome’s past, present, and future by linking it to the battle of Troy. Later has Aneas travel to the underworld where he sees Augustus and thinks he’s basically the chosen one.

Pious Aneas

Mythological founder of Rome. Was a survivor of the Trojan war. Sleeps with queen Dido, breaks up with her to go found Rome. This leads to mythological justification for Rome and Carthage’s fued.

Source of slavery in Rome

Military conquest

Women and children disproportionally enslaved

Piracy (kidnapping)

Debt

Centers for slavery

Cities, especially the city of Delos which trafficked thousands if not tens of thousands of slaves.

Slave Jobs

Mostly mining and Farm Labor with a minority of slaves doing house work or working in as skilled professionals (doctors, teachers, etc.)

Judea and Samaria

Two prominent sections of ancient Israel

Samaritan

Citizen of Samaria, Ethnically Jewish but culturally and religiously different from Judean Jews.

Saul (1100 BCE)

First king/ warlord of the Hebrew people

David (from David and Goliath myth)

Second Hebrew King

What does King David do around 105 BCE

Unite the Kingdom of Israel

What year do the Assyrians conquer Israel (modern day North half of Israel)

732 BCE

In what year does Babylon fights Judea (modern day Southern half of Israel) Babylon wins

586 BCE

Babylonian Captivity

Event that makes the Jews convert to monotheism, believing they’re being punished for worshipping multiple gods.

Life span of Jesus

Roughly 6 BCE - 33 CE)

Biographies of Jesus authors

Mark, Matthew, Luke, John

Thaumaturge

Someone who can do something un explainable (possibly miracles). What Jesus was considered by his followers.

Followers of Jesus

Peter, James, John, James (Jesus’ brother)

Paul of Tarsus aka Saint Paul

Follower of Jesus, joined after Jesus died, not a fan of big four so started his own sect of Jesus followers

Day Paul Throws his Jesus party

Sunday (making room for Jewish celebrations on Saturday)

Rules one needs to follow for the Jewish religion

Dietary rules (kosher) and circumcision's

The Great divide (ca. 90-100 CE)

Separation of Christianity and Judaism as Christianity becomes too popular to remain just a sect of Judaism. After this Christianity become illegal in Rome.

Nero

Roman emperor from 54 - 68 CE, blamed the great fire in Rome on the Christians, leading to more persecution of Christianity.

Trajan

Roman Emperor from 98 to 117 CE, interrogated Christians but only executed them if they refused to denounce Christianity.

Decius (249-251 CE)

Roman emperor, further prosecuted Christians. Introduced yearly sacrifices to a non-monothetic god. Jews were exempt from having to make these sacrifices, used to target Christians.

Constantine (306-324 CE)

Legalized Christianity after having vision of what he thought might be Jesus. Though he legalized Christianity he did not make it the main religion of Rome contrary to popular misconception.

Edict Milan (313 CE)

Legalization of Christianity in Rome under Constantine Empire.

Theodosius (379 - 359 CE)

Roman emperor, makes Christianity official religion of Rome.

Julio Claudian Dynasty

1. Augustus

2. Tiberius

3. Gaius

4. Claudius

5. Nero

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Praetorian Prefect

Body guards of Roman Emperors, often assassinated emperors and appointed future emperors. Would be bribed by emperors to avoid assignation

Year of the Fire in Rome

64 CE

Year of four emperors (69 CE)

1. Galba

2. Otho

3. Vitellius

4. Vespasian

All only emperors for a day.

The Flavian Dynasty

Vespasian (dad)

Titus (son)

Domitian (other son, more corrupt)

Five Good Emperors (not really five, closer to seven)

1. Nerva

2. Trajan

3. Hadrian

4. Antonius Pius

5. Marcus

6. Lucius Verus

7. Commodus

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Hadrian’s wall

80 mile wall through Britain built by Hadrian to defend Rome.

Economic issues at end of five good emperors

Commodus spending all the money in the empire plus so many deaths by the plague lead to economic crisis.

When was the year of the five Emperors

192-193 CE

Debasement of coins

Silver coins devalued by adding less valuable metals to the coins. This made older coins more valuable. This lead to only the less valuable coins being spent, leading to inflation.

Crisis of the third century (235 - 285 CE)

around 30 emperors in 50 years. Regional emperors. Completely debased Coins. Mass migration into Rome with migrants being oppressed.

Diocletian (254-305 CE)

Attempts to stabilize economy. Established the Tetrarchy, a ruling system of two emperors.