Sect. 3.3 reading - Fallacies of Weak Induction

fallacies of weak induction

a group of informal fallacies that occur because the connection between the premises and conclusion is not strong enough to support the conclusion

appeal to unqualified authority (Argumentum ad Verecundiam)

an informal fallacy that occurs when an arguer cites the testimony of an unqualified authority in support of a conclusion

appeal to ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam)

an informal fallacy that occurs when an arguer uses the fact that nothing has been proved about something, as evidence in support of some conclusion about that thing.

hasty generalization (converse accident)

an informal fallacy that occurs when a general conclusion is drawn from atypical cases.

false cause

an informal fallacy that occurs when the conclusion of an argument depends on some imagined causal connection that probably does not exist; and appeal to the people

post hoc ergo propter hoc

a false-cause fallacy which presupposes that just because one event precedes another event, the first event causes the second

non causa pro causa

a false-cause fallacy in which, what is taken to be the cause of something is not really the cause at all and the mistake is based on something other than mere temporal succession

oversimplified cause

a false-cause fallacy that occurs when a multitude of causes is responsible for a certain effect but the arguer selects just one of these causes and represents it as if it were the sole cause

gambler’s fallacy

a false-cause fallacy that occurs whenever the conclusion of an argument depends on the supposition that independent events in a game of chance are causally related

slippery slope

an informal fallacy that occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests on an alleged chain reaction, and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place

weak analogy

an informal fallacy that occurs when the conclusion of an argument depends on an analogy (or similarity) that is not strong enough to support the conclusion