Biological Diversity: Porifera, Cnidaria, Lophotrochozoa

Choanocyte

A specialized cell in sponges responsible for generating water flow and capturing food particles.

Amoebocyte

A cell in sponges that performs various functions, including nutrient distribution and waste removal.

Filter feeder

An organism that consumes small particles, such as plankton, by filtering them from the water.

Polyp

A sessile body form of cnidarians, characterized by a tubular shape and a mouth surrounded by tentacles.

Medusa

A free-swimming body form of cnidarians, typically bell-shaped with tentacles hanging downward.

Gastrovascular cavity

A central cavity in some animals that serves both digestive and circulatory functions.

Intracellular digestion

The process of breaking down food within individual cells.

Extracellular digestion

The process of breaking down food outside of cells, typically within a digestive system.

Cnidocyte

A specialized cell in cnidarians that contains a nematocyst, used for capturing prey.

Nematocyst

A stinging organelle found in cnidocytes that can inject toxins into prey.

Exoskeleton

A rigid external covering for the body in some animals, providing protection and support.

Endoskeleton

An internal skeleton found in some animals, providing structural support and protection.

Alimentary canal

A complete digestive tract with two openings, allowing for one-way digestion.

Complete digestive tract

A digestive system where food enters through one opening and exits through another.

Foot

A muscular structure in mollusks used for movement and anchorage.

Mantle

A significant tissue layer in mollusks that secretes the shell if present.

Visceral mass

The part of the mollusk's body that contains the internal organs.

Radula

A rasping, tongue-like structure in mollusks used for feeding.

Cuticle

A protective, waxy layer covering in some animals, particularly in ecdysozoans.

Molting

The process of shedding an exoskeleton or cuticle to allow for growth.

Open circulatory system

A circulatory system where blood flows freely within body cavities.

Closed circulatory system

A circulatory system where blood is contained within vessels.

Water vascular system

A network of fluid-filled channels used for locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange in echinoderms.

Tube feet

Extendable structures in echinoderms used for movement and feeding.

Notochord

A flexible rod-like structure found in chordates, providing support during development.