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Logos

the appeal to reason, to the forcefulness of a well-thought-out and well-structured position. Refers to the internal consistency and clarity of the message and to the logic of its reasons and support.

Pathos

the use of emotion in debate or argument. An appeal to an audience's imaginative sympathies.

Ethos

the appeal to credibility that a speaker or writer brings to the subject (can be function of the writer's reputation for honesty and expertise). Is often conveyed through tone and style, through the care with which the writer considers alternative views, and through the writer's investment in his or her claim.

anadiplosis

repetition of a prominent last word of one phrase or sentence at the beginning of the next

anadiplosis example

Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.

anaphora

repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect,

anaphora example

No right, no wrong, no rules for me!"

chiasmus

a figure of speech in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form

chiasmus example

one for all and all for one

diacope

repetition of a word or phrase with one or two intervening words

diacope example

Bond, James Bond

double epithet

two words of identical or almost identical meaning joined by a conjunction.

double epithet example

wisdom and knowledge

epistrophe

the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences

epistrophe example

of the people, by the people, for the people

epizeuxis

repeating a word immediately in the same contex

epizeuxis example

Horror! Horror!

isocolon

a figure of speech focusing on similarity and difference, in which at least two clauses or sentences are grammatically parallel or structurally the same

isocolon example

Roses are red. Violets are blue

metonymy

the use of something closely related for the thing actually mean

metonymy example

The pen is mightier than the sword

parallelism

the repetition of a chosen grammatical form in successive phrases, clauses or sentences. Repeated syntactical similarities introduced for rhetorical effects

parallelism example

laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form

periodic sentence

a sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense

periodic sentence example

Unable to join the others at the dance because of my sprained ankle, I went to a movie.

polyptoton

repeated use of one word as different parts of speech or in different grammatical forms

polyptoton example

I have been a stranger in a strange land

preterition

a figure of speech by which in pretending to pass over something, a summary mention of it is made, or attention is called to it

preterition example

don't intend to dwell on my opponent's embezzlement of funds.

prolepsis

Using a pronoun before you use the noun it refers to

prolepsis example

They f**k you up, your mum and dad.

rhetorical question

A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.

rhetorical question example

What business is it of yours?

synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole

synecdoche example

all hands on deck

tricolon crescens

a figure of speech comprised of three clearly defined parts, listed in ascending order of importance or size

tricolon crescens example

days, weeks, years