Stages of sleep and REM Psychoactive drugs Stimulants Depressants Alcohol Hallucinogens

What characterizes Stage 1 of Non-REM sleep?

Light sleep, easily awakened with theta waves emerging on EEG and possible hypnic jerks.

What happens in Stage 2 of Non-REM sleep?

Deeper sleep making it harder to awaken, with sleep spindles and K-complexes on EEG, body temperature drops, and heart rate slows.

What are the key features of Stages 3 & 4 in Non-REM sleep?

Deepest sleep stages also called slow-wave sleep, dominated by delta waves, very difficult to awaken, and essential for physical restoration.

What distinguishes REM sleep from other stages of sleep?

Brain activity resembles wakefulness, vivid dreaming occurs, temporary paralysis of muscles, and irregular heart rate and breathing.

What are the key psychological functions of REM sleep?

Important for cognitive functions such as memory consolidation and learning.

What are stimulants and their physiological effects?

Drugs that increase central nervous system activity, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, alertness, and energy.

What are the common psychological effects of stimulant drugs?

Euphoria, increased confidence, and reduced fatigue.

What are the risks associated with stimulant drugs?

Addiction, anxiety, insomnia, and cardiovascular problems.

What defines depressants and their physiological effects?

Drugs that decrease central nervous system activity, causing slowed heart rate, breathing, muscle relaxation, and reduced coordination.

What psychological effects are associated with depressant drugs?

Relaxation, reduced anxiety, and sedation.

What risks do depressants pose?

Addiction, respiratory depression, impaired judgment, and overdose.

What are the physiological effects of alcohol as a depressant?

Impairs motor skills, reduces inhibitions, and affects judgment.

What psychological effects does alcohol have?

Relaxation, euphoria, and altered mood.