Intro of Anatomy and physiology

First Module

Anatomy

Smallest and most fundamental unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons

Cardiovascular system

Heart, blood vessels

Cells

smallest fundamental unit of life

Digestive System

Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine and Large intestine, Liver

Endocrine System

Hormones producing glands ( Thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland etc)

Female Reproductive system

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus

Integumentary system

Skin, Hair and Nails

Lymphatic System

Spleen, red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and tonsils

Macromolecule

Large molecule formed by combining smaller units called monomers

Male Reproductive system

Prostate glands, testes

Molecule

Chemical structure consisting of least two atoms held together by a chemical bond

Muscular System

Muscles

Nervous system

Brain, spinal cord and nerves

Respiratory system

Larynx, trachea and lungs

Organ

collection of tissues grouped together based on common function

Organ System

Level organization that consists of functionally related organs

Organelle

Small, membrane-bound structure that exists within cells and performs specialized functions

Organism

an individual living entity

Skeletal System

cartilage, bones and joints

Tissue

Group of similar cells carrying out the same function

Urinary System

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urinary tract.

Cytology

Study of cells

Gross Anatomy

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye also referred to macroscopic anatomy

Histology

Study of tissues

Homeostasis

Is the state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Microscopic anatomy

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

Systemic Anatomy

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

Control Center

compares value to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

Effector

organ that can cause a change in a value

Negative Feedback

homeostasis mechanism that tends to stabilize and upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus typically as the stimulus is removed

Normal Range

ranges of value around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

Positive Feedback

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological conditions in response to a stimulus

Sensor (Receptor)

reports to a monitored physiological value to the control center

Set Point

ideal value for physiological parameters the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful that is within its parameters of homeostasis