Physics Summary: Forces and Gravity

This flashcard set covers the fundamental concepts of forces, including types of forces, deformation, gravity, and spring mechanics as detailed in the lesson notes.

Effects of Force

A force can change the speed of an object, change the direction of a moving object, or deform an object.

Force ($F$)

A physical quantity measured in the unit Newton ($N$).

Types of Forces

Common types include muscle force ($F_{spier}$), spring force ($F_{veer}$), gravity ($F_{z}$), friction force ($F_{w}$), electric force ($F_{el}$), and magnetic force ($F_{magn}$).

Elastic Deformation

A temporary change in shape that returns to its original form once the force is removed.

Plastic Deformation

A permanent change in shape where the object remains deformed even after the force is removed.

Properties of a Force

A force is characterized by its magnitude (size), direction, and point of application.

Force Scale

A tool or ratio used to represent the magnitude of a force through the length of a drawn arrow.

Gravity ($F_{z}$)

The attraction exerted by a large celestial body (like the Earth) on objects at or near its surface, calculated as $F_{z} = m \times g$.

Gravitational Force

The general force of attraction between all masses in the universe.

Gravitational Acceleration ($g$)

The constant applied in gravity calculations, which on Earth is approximately $g = 9.81$.

Center of Gravity (Zwaartepunt)

The average point where all the mass of an object is concentrated and where gravity acts upon it; often located in the middle.

Mass ($m$)

The quantity of matter an object contains, measured in the unit $kg$. house

Weight

The force that a mass exerts on its surface or suspension point, measured in Newton ($N$); it is dependent on gravity.

Spring Force ($F_{veer}$)

A force created by elastic deformation that acts in the opposite direction of the applied force.

Extension ($u$)

The difference between the original length of a spring and its new length after a force is applied.

Spring Constant ($C$)

A value expressed in $N/m$ or $N/cm$ that defines the relationship between force and extension for a specific spring.

Hooke's Law Formula

The formula used to calculate spring force or extension: $F = C \times u$.

Direct Proportionality

The relationship between force and extension where the resulting graph is a straight line passing through the origin.