Types and Components of Computer Systems

Vocabulary flashcards covering the components of computer systems, types of software and data, and various input devices based on the lecture notes.

Hardware

The physical components of a computer system.

Software

Programs for controlling the operation of a computer or processing of electronic data.

Application Software

Software that provides the services that the user requires to solve a task.

System Software

Software that provides the services that the computer requires to operate.

Analogue Data

Waveform and non-digital data collected by sensors, which is converted to digital data so it can be processed by a computer.

Digital Data

Data in binary that can be communicated across the world and is converted to analogue data so it can be used to control devices.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A single integrated circuit that interprets and executes commands from the computer's hardware and software.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

An internal, volatile memory chip where data is stored temporarily when applications are running, which can be read and written to.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Non-volatile memory that stores permanent data or instructions, such as the processes a computer needs when switched on.

Keyboard

An input device used to enter text info into a computer, designed for long-term repetitive use.

Numeric Keypad

An input device used to enter numeric information only, saving space and ideal for banking or mathematical systems.

Mouse

An input device that controls the position of the pointer on the screen in any computer system.

Touchpad

An alternative to a mouse built into most laptops where functions can be assigned to different areas of the pad or to multi-finger gestures.

Tracker ball

An alternative to a mouse that requires very little space to operate, useful for children and those with limited movement in their hands.

Remote control

A device used to control TVs, PCs, and home entertainment systems from a short distance.

Scanners

Input devices that allow hard copies of images or text to be transferred to a computer.

Joystick

An input device used in computer games and real-world machinery and vehicles to control movement.

Steering wheel

An input device used in desktop computers, game consoles, and simulators to control a virtual vehicle.

Touch screen

An input device that allows a user to choose options on screen, ideal for weather resistant devices and public access terminals.

Digital Still and Video Cameras

Devices used to take high-quality photographs or video that can be viewed immediately on a display and directly uploaded to a computer or printer.

Microphones

Input devices used to input sounds and voice to be used with voice control systems, chat facilities, or voiceovers.