Living Environment Official Review Set

Hormone

Hormone

________: A secretion that is released directly into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland.

Hydrocarbon

________: A molecule that contains only hydrogen and carbon.

Respiration

________: The process which releases chemical bond energy from organic nutrients (food)

Lipase

________: The enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Reaction

________: The chemical interaction between reactants resulting in products.

Lipid

________: An organic molecule that is made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule.

Molecule

________: Two or more atoms chemically combined.

Inorganic

________: A compound that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen.

Fat

________: An organic molecule that is made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule; a lipid.

Graph

________: A visual comparison of the data from laboratory investigations usually resulting in a line or bars used to observe general trends in the data.

PH

________: A scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Starch

________: A carbohydrate composed of many glucose molecules; a polysaccharide.

Small intestine

________: A long coiled tube that is the site of most of the chemical digestion and absorption that takes place in the digestive tract.

Photosynthesis

________ The process by which green plants (autotrophs) convert light energy to chemical- bond energy stored in organic nutrients.

Carbohydrate

________: An organic nutrient made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and having a carbon to hydrogen ratio of 2: 1.

Catalyst

________: A chemical that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up.

Complex carbohydrates

________: Polysaccharides or starches such as glycogen which are made of many monosaccharides or simple sugars.

Polymer

________: A large molecule made of repeating units.

Glucose

________: A monosaccharide that is the primary source of cellular energy in most organisms.

Nucleic acid

________: An organic compound composed of a phosphate, a 5- carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base.

Substrate

________: The molecule that an enzyme acts on.

Nucleotide

________: The basic unit of nucleic acids.

DNA

Genetic: Pertaining to ________, the hereditary material.

5 carbon

It consists of a(n) ________ sugar bonded to a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.

Ionic bond

________: The force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

Plasma membrane

________: The cell membrane; the semi- permeable outer boundary of the cell.

Acid

________: A substance which contains an excess of hydrogen ions and has a pH that is less than 7.

Enzyme

________: A protein that speeds up the rate of biochemical reactions; an organic catalyst.

Excretion

________: The removal of metabolic wastes.

Covalent bond

________: A type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.

Digestion

________: The enzyme- controlled process that changes large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules.

Digestive system

________: The specialized organs that act on nutrients as they are digested and absorbed by an organism.

Protein synthesis

________: The making of a protein from amino acids by matching the anticodon of the transfer RNA to the codon of the messenger RNA.

Organic compound

________: A compound that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen.

DNA

________ (deoxyribonucleic acid): The nucleic acid that stores the hereditary information or genetic material.