Psychology - Unit 1 Quiz

Plato argued for the role of ____ (genetic/heredity)

nature

Aristotle argued for the role of ____(learned experience/ environment)

nurture

An ancient surgical practice of drilling holes into the human skull, believing to release evil spirits

trephining

an early physiological theory proposing that nerves acted as hollow channels carrying fluid or spirits through the body

Hollow Tube

A discredited practice that claimed personality traits and mental abilities could be determined by studying bumps on the head

Phrenology

key figures in Structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt

The ____’s core focus was analyzing the basic building blocks or perception, consciousness, thinking, and emotions

Structuralism

Key Experiments in _____: measured human reaction time by timing how long it took people to press a telegraph key after hearing a ball hit a platform

Structuralism

Key Figure in Functionalism

William James

core focus: shifted attention away from basic structure toward what the mind does and how behavior functions

Functionalism

The student name of William James who established the first psychology laboratory in the U.S. at John Hopkins University and later founded the Amer. Psyc. Assoc. (APA)

G. Stanley Hall

key Figure in Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Feud

____’s core theory: Asserts that human behavior is motivated by powerful unconscious drives and sexual conflicts

Psychoanalysis

developed therapy focused on uncovering hidden motives through free association and dream analysis

Psychoanlysis’ therapeutic techniques

Behaviorism key figures

John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner

publisher of “Psychology as Behavior,” officially launching the Behaviorism movement

John B. Watson

developer of the principle of operate conditioning

B.F. Skinner

recognized as both a philosopher and a psychologist

Wilhelm Wundt

His student, G. Stanley hall, established the first psychology laboratory in the U.S. at John Hopkins University and later founded the APA

William James

Core Contrast: direct opposition to psychoanalysis, focuses exclusively on observable and measurable data

Behaviorism

Key figures in humanistic psychology

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

core focus: emphasized people’s inherent growth potential

Humanistic Psychology

fundamental premise: humans strive to fulfill basic physical need as well as emotional needs for love and acceptance

humanistic

Core focus: studying how human beings perceive, process, and remember information.

cognitive psychology

clinical application: explores how thinking and emotions interact in psychological disorders like depression and anxiety

cognitive psychology

core focus: pairing physical brain activity with underlying mental activity

cognitive neuroscience

driving factor: rapid advancement in this field has been made possible through modern technology

cognitive neuroscience

first women to officially earn a Ph.D in psychology in 1894

Margaret Floy Washburn

research focus was on animal behavior and proposed that mental function produce physical responses

Margaret Floy Washburn

selected as the first female president of the American psychological association (APA)

Mary Whiton Calkins

the first African American to earn a Ph.D in psychology in the year 1920

Francis Sumner

first African American to earn a Ph.D from Columbia University in 1940

Kenneth B. Clark

Landmark Research: conducted the famous Brown vs white doll study alongside his wife

Kenneth B. Clark

societal impact: their research provided key evidence that helped lead to the legal desegregation of public school

Kenneth B. Clark

psychology approach based on the past specifically childhood

psychodynamic

psychology approach based on thinking and the process of information that happens in the brain

cognitive

psychology approach based on a human mind starting as blank and learning through positive and negative influence

behaviorism

psychological approach based on self image and attaining their goal through all their needs met

humanistic

psychology approach based on the genetics and the science behind the brain

biological

psychology approach based on environment and cultural norms

sociocultural approach

psychology approach based on traits being passed down from ancestors

evolutionary