Paper 2: IMF & Stoich

london forces

forces between non-polar molecules

dipole-dipole forces

forces between two polar molecules

hydrogen bonds

forces between molecules in which hydrogen is covalently bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine – a special case of dipole-dipole forces

ion-dipole forces

forces between ions and polar molecules

boiling point

the temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure

melting point

the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium

vapour pressure

the pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system

solubility

the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance (solute) to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution

one mol

the amount of substance having the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 g carbon-12

Avogadro’s number

the number of particles (atoms, molecules, formula-units) present in one mole

molar mass

the mass of one mole of a substance measured in g·mol-1

Avogadro’s law

one mole of any gas occupies the same volume at the same temperature and pressure

concentration

the amount of solute per litre of solution