Untitled Flashcards Set

What is a major challenge to overcoming world hunger by 2050?

The addition of 2 billion people to the global population requires producing 70% more food.

What are the essential components for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water are needed for photosynthesis.

What are limiting nutrients for plant growth?

Nitrogen and Phosphorus are the limiting nutrients essential for plant growth.

What is a consequence of overusing fertilizers in agriculture?

Overuse of fertilizers can cause eutrophication, leading to harmful algal blooms.

What happens during eutrophication?

Nitrogen and phosphorus run off into water bodies, causing excessive algae growth, which depletes oxygen and creates dead zones.

What are some edible parts of plants?

Leaves (e.g., cabbage), fruits (e.g., tomatoes), flowers (e.g., cauliflower), stems (e.g., celery), and roots (e.g., carrots).

What is the structure that produces pollen in perfect flowers?

The anther, which is part of the male structure known as the stamen.

What is double fertilization in angiosperms?

It is the process where one sperm fertilizes the egg and another fuses with other cells in the ovule to become endosperm.

What role do roots play in plants?

Roots anchor the plants and absorb water and essential nutrients from the soil.

What do leaves do for the plant?

Leaves are the components that absorb carbon dioxide and light energy for photosynthesis.

What is the function of chloroplasts in plants?

Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis found within the tissues of leaves.

How do plants maintain turgor pressure?

Central vacuoles filled with fluid help maintain turgor pressure, keeping the plant rigid and upright.

What is the function of stomata in leaves?

Stomata regulate gas exchange for photosynthesis and allow for transpiration.

What is the main transport function of xylem?

Xylem is responsible for the one-way flow of water from the roots to above ground tissues.

What do phloem transport in plants?

Phloem transports sugar from photosynthesis from leaves to other plant tissues.

What is primary growth in plants?

Primary growth refers to the lengthening or elongating growth at the apical meristems.

What are some survival strategies of carnivorous plants?

Carnivorous plants like Venus flytrap digest insects to gain nutrients in nutrient-poor soils.

What is the purpose of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plants?

They convert inorganic nitrogen gas into ammonia, which plants can use.

What is phototropism in plants?

Phototropism is the growth of the stem of a plant towards light, driven by the hormone auxin.

What colors might leaves display as summer transitions to fall?

Chlorophyll (green) decreases, revealing xanthophyll (yellow) and carotene (orange) pigments.

What adaptions do some plants have for hot environments?

Some plants can close their stomata to prevent water loss during hot hours.

What are plant defenses against herbivores?

Waxy coatings, spines, and toxins or poisons serve to deter predators.