purdue slhs 303 final exam

moving vocal tract to produce sounds

what is articulation?

w/in spaces of the vocal tract and gives distinct voice

what is resonance?

producing speech

-extremely complex and rapid task

-approximately 175 words per minute (20 speech sounds per second)

initiating eating

very complex

producing speech and initiating eating

-require coordination of hundreds of neural signals (action potentials) and muscle contractions

-careful examination of underlying structures (to diagnose and treat disorders

oral cavity and parts

lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, tongue, jaw, anger (palatogolssal muscle) facial pillars

nasal cavity

borders: nares/nostrils to nasopharynx

anterior and posterior faucial pillars

arches formed by muscles

pharyngeal cavity

from base of skull to superior surface of cricoid cartilage

nasal cavity parts

nose and two chambers separated by septum

-each chamber: superior, middle, inferior conchae and meatuses (nasal passages)

divisions of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

mobile articulators

moved by muscle contractions

-lips, velum, tongue, law/mandible, pharynx

immobile articulators

point of contact for other articulators

-teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate

zygomatic bone

label this bone

ethmoid bone

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maxilla

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mandible

label this bone

teeth and their role

-housed within the mandible and maxilla

-biological function: chewing/mastication (break down foods)

-non-biological function- speech and facial structure (important for consonants and vowels)

-primary teeth = 20 (baby)

-permanent teeth = 32

incisors

6 months to 6-8 years old

canines

1.5 years old to 9-12 years old

premolars

permanent 10-11 years old

molars

1st set- 1 year old to 6 years old

2nd set- 11-13 years old

3rd set- early adulthood (wisdom teeth)

types of occlusion

Class I, Class II, Class III

levator labii superoris

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zygomaticus major

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buccinator

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orbicularis oris

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depressor labii inferiorus

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mucosa of upper and lower lips

orbicularis oris insertion

maxilla, mandible, and deep layers of skin

orbicularis oris origin

-puckering of lips

-tight lip closure (oral plosives p/b)

orbicularis oris function

CN VII (facial nerve)

orbicular oris innervation

mandible and maxilla

buccinator origin

angle of the mouth

buccinator insertion

-lips: pull lips laterally (sucking from straw/nipple)

-cheek: tense cheek and presses cheek against teeth (when eating and chewing)

buccinator functions

CN VII (facial nerve)

buccinator innveration

frontal process of maxilla, infraorbital region and zygomatic bone

levator labii superioris origin

skin of upper lip and side cartilage of nose

levator labii superioris insertion

lips: elevates upper lip

mouth: raises angle of mouth

levator labii superioris functions

CN VII

levator labii superioris innervation

zygomatic bone

zygomaticus major origin

angle of the mouth

zygomaticus major insertion

draws angle of mouth upward and laterally (smiling)

zygomaticus major function

CN VII (facial nerve)

zygomaticus major innervation

mandible

depressor labii inferiorus origin

lower lip

depressor labii inferiorus insertion

pulls lip downward and laterally (frowning)

depressor labii inferiorus function

CN VII (facial nerve)

depressor labii inferiorus innervation

platysma

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neck region on fascia of shoulder and chest

platysma origin

mandible, skin of cheek, angle of mouth, and orbicularis oris

platysma insertion

-tenses skin of lower face

-pulls corner of mouth inferiorly

-helps with mandible

platysma functions

CN VII (facial nerve)

platysma innervation

lips as an articulator

-mobile articulator

-primary contributor: orbicularis oris

-important lip movements for speech: lip rounding, and closure

lip round (and protrusion)

vowels (ex. /u/)

consonants (ex. /w/)

lip closure

bilabial consonants, and labiodental consonants (lower lip against upper teeth)

masseter

label this muscle

zygomatic arch

masseter origin

angle and lateral side of mandible

masseter insertion

-elevates mandible (closes jaw/mouth)

-protrudes law

masseter functions

CN V (trigeminal)

masseter innervation

temporalis

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temporal bone

temporalis origin

top and part of ramus of mandible

temporalis insertion

-elevates mandible (closes law/mouth)

-retracts jaw

temporalis functions

CN V (trigeminal nerve)

temporalis innervation

lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone), and maxilla

medial pterygoid origin

ramus and angle (internal side) of mandible

medial pterygoid insertion

-elevates mandible (closes jaw/mouth)

-protrudes mandible

medial pterygoid functions

CN V (trigeminal nerve)

medial pterygoid innervation

medial pterygoid

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lateral pterygoid

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greater wind of sphenoid, lateral pterygoid plate (lateral side of sphenoid)

lateral pterygoid origin

condyle of mandible, tempromandibular joint

lateral pterygroid insertion

-depresses mandible (opens jaw/mouth MAIN OPENER)

-protrudes mandible

-moves mandible laterally

lateral pterygoid functions

CN V (trigeminal nerve)

lateral pterygoid innervation

-depress jaw (opens jaw/mouth) [helpers for mouth opening]

-GH also shortens floor of the mouth

anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid function

CN V

anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid innervation

CN 1 and cervical plexus (CN I,II,III)

geniohyoid innervation

jaw/mandible as an articulator

-mobile

-produces changes in size of oral cavity

-assists in positioning of lips and tongue

-provides fine control of small movements of jaw associated with speech

-critical supportive role for lips and tongue

tensor veli palatini

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sphenoid bone, eustachian tube

tensor veli palatini origin

palatine aponerosis (membrane providing support to palate)

tensor veli palatini insertion

-tenses soft palate

-dilates (opens) eustachian tube

-connect ME to pharynx and equalize pressure

tensor veli palatini function

CN V

tensor veli palatini innervation

levator veli palatini

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temporal bone and eustachian tube

levator veli palatini origin

palatine aponeuorisis

levator veli palatini insertion

elevates soft palate

levator veli palatini functions

CN X and CN XI (pharyngeal plexus)

levator veli palatini innvervation

musculus uvulae

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posterior nasal spine

musculus uvulae origin

-shortens uvula pulling it superiorly

-helps for complete VP closure

musculus uvulae functions

CN X and CN XI (pharyngeal plexus)

musculus uvulae innervation

palatoglossus

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midline of soft palate/palatine aponeurosis

palatoglossus origin

sides of tongue

palatoglossus insertion

-depresses the sides of the soft palate

-elevates the posterior sides of the tongue

palatoglossus functions

CN X and CN XI (pharyngeal plexus)

palatoglossus innervation

palatopharyngeus

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