Week 2 - Chapter 6 - Skeletal System - Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System

The framework of bones, cartilage, and ligaments that supports the body and enables movement.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell production.

Osteoblasts

Bone-building cells responsible for the formation of bone through ossification.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that account for 90% to 95% of bone cells and are long-lived.

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells that assist in the resorption of bone.

Hyaline Cartilage

The major type of cartilage found in the nose, trachea, and most joints.

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage found in intervertebral discs.

Elastic Cartilage

A type of cartilage found in the pinna of the ear.

Articular cartilage

Covers bones at joints; has no perichondrium growth

Epiphysis

The end of a long bone that is primarily spongy bone covered with compact bone.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone that contains the medullary cavity.

Medullary cavity

The central cavity of a long bone that contains bone marrow, which is responsible for the production of blood cells.

Epiphyseal Plate

A hyaline cartilage plate located at the ends of long bones, allowing for growth in length during childhood and adolescence.

Epiphyseal line

The remnant of the epiphyseal plate in adults, indicatingthere that bone growth has ceased.

what are the four types of bones

The four types of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular bones, each categorized by their shape and function in the human skeleton.

flat bones

no diaphyses, epiphyses. sandwhich of spongy between compact bone.

short and irregular bones

Compact bone that surrounds spongy bone center; similar to structure of epiphyses of long bones. • No diaphyses and not elongated.

lack of _, _, and _, during growth and development can cause bones to be small.

calcuim, protein, and nutrients

vitamin D is necessary for

calcium absorption and bone health.

vitamin C is necessary for

collagen synthesis and bone repair.

Fracture

A break in the bone classified by mechanism, soft-tissue damage, fracture pattern, number of fragments, and age-specific characteristics.

Rickets

A disease caused by a lack of vitamin D during childhood leading to bone deformities.

Osteomalacia

A condition in adults caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, leading to softening of bones.

Scurvy

A deficiency of vitamin C that affects collagen synthesis and can lead to delayed wound healing and loss of teeth.

Callus Formation

The process during bone healing where fibroblasts and chondroblasts create an external callus.

Bone Remodeling

The final stage of bone repair where old bone is replaced by new bone tissue, typically occurring 4-5 weeks after a fracture.

Aging Effects on Skeletal System

Decreased bone matrix and mass leading to brittleness, fractures, deformity, and arthritis.

process of bone repair

involves several stages, including hematoma formation, callus formation occurring with fibroblasts and chondroblasts, then callus ossification with osteoblasts, and then bone remodeling with osteoclasts.