Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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7 Terms

1
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Describe the structure of DNA.

  • Consists of 2 polynucleotide strands - each polynucleotide may contain many million nucleotide units.

  • The alternating phosphate groups and pentose sugars form the backbone of the polynucleotide.

  • The pentose sugar in DNA is always deoxyribose.

2
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What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine & Guanine.

3
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State the complimentary base pairs in DNA.

Adenine bonds with thymine and guanine bonds with cytosine (A-T and G-C); this is called complimentary base pairing.

Base pairing links 2 polynucleotide chains.

4
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The polynucleotide chains are “antiparallel”. Explain what this means.

The polynucleotide chains run in opposite directions.

One strands goes from 5' to 3', and the opposite strand goes from 3' to 5'.

5
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The two polynucleotide chains in DNA twist together to form what shape?

A double helix.

The shape of the twisted double helix is maintained by hydrogen bonding.

6
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Where is DNA found in cells?

DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

7
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What are the main functions of DNA in cells?

  • DNA replication

  • Protein synthesis