Bone Tissue

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bone tissue, including types of bone, roles of different cells, and processes like ossification, growth, and healing.

What are the primary components of the skeletal system?

Bone, cartilage, and connective tissue.

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense and composed of osteons, while spongy bone is porous and provides a location for hemopoietic tissue.

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum, provides articular cartilage, and serves as a model for bone formation.

What is ossification?

The formation and development of bone connective tissue.

Describe interstitial growth of cartilage.

Interstitial growth increases the length of cartilage from internal regions by chondrocyte mitosis.

Explain appositional growth.

Appositional growth increases the width of cartilage at the edges by adding new matrix from the outside.

What is the role of osteoblasts?

Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation by producing the bone matrix.

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

Osteoclasts are responsible for the resorption of bone matrix.

What does parathyroid hormone do in relation to blood calcium levels?

PTH increases osteoclast activity to raise blood calcium levels.

How do growth hormones affect bone growth?

Growth hormones stimulate growth at the epiphyseal plate via insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).

What is calcitonin's role in calcium homeostasis?

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoblast activity and inhibiting osteoclast activity.

What are the effects of aging on bone?

Aging leads to decreased tensile strength, increased demineralization, and increased susceptibility to fractures.

What is osteoporosis?

A condition characterized by decreased bone mass, leading to weakened bones and an increased fracture risk.

What is the first step in the bone healing process?

Hematoma formation.

Describe the process of bone remodeling.

Bone remodeling involves the continuous addition of new bone and removal of old bone by the coordinated efforts of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

What are some types of bone fractures?

Stress fracture, pathologic fracture, simple fracture, compound fracture.