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Heterogenous Equilbrium
State in which the reactants and products are in different phases.
Ex: AgCl(s) → Ag(aq)+ + Cl(aq)-
Factors Affecting Solubility
Temperature (Affects Ksp value)
Inc. temp → inc. solubility of solids & dec. solubility of gases
Common Ion Effect (Decrease in solubility)
Ksp remains the same
Reduction of solubility of a salt when a second solute (that has an ion already present in the initial salt) is added to the solution
pH (Limited constraints)
pH
Only affects solubility of metal hydroxides, salts of weak acids
Predicting Precipitation (Qsp vs. Ksp)
If… Qsp » Ksp then a ppt. will form
If… Qsp « Ksp then no ppt. will form
Heterogenous Equilbrium Constant (Ksp)
If aA + bB → cC + dD
Then… Ksp = [C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b
Ksp = [products] / [reactants]
Fractional Precipitation