Whap - Chapter 2+3

Paleolithic societies and First Civilizations both

Developed elaborate and complex outlooks on the world.

Persian political organization included which of the following features?

A satrap who governed each province

Which of the following was a unique feature of political life in classical Greece?

The idea of free male citizens running the affairs of state

Solon brought which of the following reforms to Athens after 594 B.C.E.?

The right of all citizens to participate in the Assembly

What did the Persian Empire have in common with classical Greece in 500 B.C.E.?

Both were expansive civilizations

In contrast to the Persian Empire, the political culture of classical Greek civilization

Featured popular participation in politics.

A major development that occurred during the Hellenistic era was

The spread of Greek culture throughout most of the ancient world.

Which of the following represents a defining characteristic of an empire?

A state formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples

Which of the following was true of both the Roman and the Chinese empires?

They invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule.

The Persian Empire and the Mauryan dynasty were similar because both

Relied on imperial spies for information about distant provinces.

Which of the following was a motivation for the expansion of the Roman Empire?

The wealth of the eastern Mediterranean societies

Which of the following was a characteristic of all classical empires?

They were powerful states capable of coercing resources from subjects.

Which foreign religious tradition was absorbed into China during the classical period?

Buddhism

When Germanic tribes entered into the western part of the Roman Empire, they

Produced a hybrid culture that drew on both Germanic and Latin elements

Which of the following has been put forward to explain why empires were much less prominent in India than in China?

India's unparalleled cultural diversity

In contrast to the Roman Empire, the process of empire formation in China

Had precedents to follow.

Which of the following describes the Persian policy toward people with different cultural traditions who lived within the empire?

Respect and tolerance for non-Persian traditions

Which of the following was a consequence of the Greco-Persian Wars?

The notion of an east/west divide

Which of the following was a major avenue for the spread of Greek culture during the Hellenistic era?

Cities

Which of the following represents a value of the Roman Republic, idealized as the way of the ancestors?

Rule of law

Which of the following is an example of the centralization of the Chinese state under Qin Shihuangdi?

Standardization of weights, measures, and currency

Which of the following expresses the basic difference between what the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty believed was the key to good government?

The Roman Empire emphasized good laws, while the Han dynasty emphasized good men.

In contrast to what followed after the collapse of the Han dynasty in China, the collapse of the Roman Empire

Led to decentralized political systems.

Which of the following did the Roman Senate use as a means of protecting plebeians from abuse?

A written code of law

The Arthashastra provided the basis for the political philosophy of which empire?

Mauryan Empire

The conquests of which leader contributed to the widespread dissemination of Greek culture during the Hellenistic era?

Alexander the Great

Athens's leadership in which event launched Athens on a path to establish its dominance over other city-states in the region?

Greco-Persian Wars

Which of the following had a weak tradition of rule by monarchs?

Athens

Which of the following had an important influence on the Chinese imperial state?

Legalism

When the Roman Empire disintegrated in 476 C.E., the eastern part of the empire came to be known as the

Byzantine Empire

Which of the following belief systems focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life?

Confucianism

Some elements of Zoroastrianism found expression in which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?

Judaism

Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because they both

Offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.

Which of the following systems of thought proclaimed that a system of rewards and punishment was the most effective way to govern people?

Legalism

Which of the following actions would a follower of Daoism take?

Withdraw from politics

Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

The concepts of heaven and hell

Which of the following groups emphasized argument, logic, reason, and questioning of received wisdom?

Greek thinkers

The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu lies at the heart of which religion?

Zoroastrianism

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?

Confidence in human reason

Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.E.?

All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe.

Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society?

Confucianism placed a high value on education and ritual.

Which of the following contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India?

Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.

Which of the following experiences did both the Buddha and Jesus share?

They were transformed by their followers into gods.

Which of the following reflects a view of women found in Confucianism, Hinduism, and Christianity?

Women should obey men.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism as understood by Chinese elites?

Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory

Which of the following is a text associated with Hinduism?

Bhagavad Gita

Which of the following is a central feature of the Hindu notion of karma?

Samsara (rebirth)

Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?

The religious authority of the Brahmins

In contrast to Theravada Buddhism, the Mahayana version portrayed the Buddha as a

God

Which of the following refers to a conception of the divine found in Judaism?

An understanding of God as engaged in history and demanding social justice

What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism have in common?

A secular approach to understanding the world

Which of the following represents a way that Greek scholarship influenced the world?

Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals.

What did Confucius, Zarathustra, and Siddhartha Gautama have in common?

They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.

What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common?

They both started out as an effort to reform the religions from which they had come but soon emerged as separate religions.

The Christian view that emphasized the human side of Jesus' nature was known as which of the following?

Nestorian

Disagreements over the meaning of the Buddha's teachings led to

A proliferation of different sects, practices, and meditation techniques.

How did Christianity change in the first 500 years since its emergence?

The egalitarian, small house churches during Jesus' lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian Church.

Which of the following included a distinctively supernatural dimension?

Mahayana Buddhism

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were associated with

Greek rationalism

Which of the following has been put forward by scholars as a possible factor in the emergence of slavery within the First Civilizations?

The domestication of animals

How was India's social structure different from that of China?

Indian social groups were defined more rigidly.

Which of the following was part of the reform program launched by Wang Mang following his seizure of the Chinese throne in 8 C.E.?

Government loans to peasant families