Science Solar System Term-N-def

Big Bang

The point in time when a VERY small, VERY hot, and VERY dense single spot exploded and set off a chain of events that formed our universe

When did the Big Bang occur?

13.7 billion years ago

Georges Henri Lemaitre

the first person to proposed the Big Bang theory

Universe

All of space and everything in it

Galaxy

a group of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity

Solar system

a collection of planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, as well as, smaller bodies (ex: asteroids, meteroids, and comets)

Sun/star

made up of hydrogen and helium (both are gasses) and gives off light

Planet

spherical body that orbits the sun

Orbit

curved path of a celestial object around a planet, star, or moon

Atmosphere

Layer of gasses that surrounded a planet, star, or moon

Moon

Redshift

Wavelength according to the Electromagnectic Spectrum/a way to describe how far away a celestial object is

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)

The glow that fills the entire Universe was left behind from the immense heat that existed after the Big Bang

Mixture of Elements

As a Universe expanded and cooled down, some of the elements that we see today were created. The first element created by the event was hydrogen

What was the first element created after Big Bang?

Hydrogen

Gravity

Attractive force between two objects

Sir Isaac Newton

Discovered Gravity

Law of Universal Gravitation

All objects in the universe attract each other. How strong attraction is depends on mass and distance

Mass

Amount of matter in a object

Weight

the measure of the force of gravity of an object

Centripetal force

force that causes an object to move in a curved path

Explain how mass and weight are affected by the size of a planet/moon/star

mass wouldint change but weight would as it is your body and if went to the moon your weight would have change when landing

Terrestrial

has a solid surface like Earth

Rotation

how long is it in a day

Revolution

how long it is in a year

Retrograde rotation

the oppisite way of a planet going ex: Uranus

Greenhouse effect

a lot of CO2 trapped in heat

Gas giant

made up of hydrogen helium

Ice giant

made of frozen Methane

Two distinctive characteristics - Mercury

No moons and very small

Why is Mercury’s year shorter than its day?

its more faster then its own day

Two distinctive characteristics - Venus

thick yellow clouds and the hottest

Why is Venus the hottest planet?

With clouds of sulfuric acid also at the surface the hot high pressure of CO2 behaves in a corrosive fashion

Two distinctive characteristics - Earth

living beings and atmosphere keeps radiation away

How does Earth’s atmosphere protect us?

against radiation and meteors

Two distinctive characteristics - Mars

Rover have been there and feels like spring on your feet but winter on your head

Why is Mars red?

it surface is dark volcanic rock and little boulders also iron

Two distinctive characteristics - Jupiter

faint ring and green red spot

Why would you weigh the most, out of any planet, on Jupiter?

it is the biggest out of the other planets and has a strong gravitational pull

Two distinctive characteristics - Saturn

it has most visible ring and is VERY dense

Why could Saturn float in a giant bathtub of water?

its the most dense planet

Two distinctive characteristics - Uranus

has rings and rotates on his side

Two distinctive characteristics - Neptune

it is the farthest and has 5 rings

Why are the ice giants blue?

due to its Methane

The Sun

the star at the center of the Solar System. It produces massive amounts of energy through the process of fusion, which is the source of energy for life on Earth

Fusion

process in which two nuclei join to form a larger nuclei join to form a large nucleus and give off energy. Fusion on the Sun involves isotopes of hydrogen fusing together to form helium

Why isn’t Pluto a planet?

Pluto isint a planet as it turned into a dwarf planet