Ch1

Operating System (OS)

A software that makes hardware perform various operations.

Kernel Mode

A mode where the operating system runs with direct access to hardware.

User Mode

A mode where user applications run, with restricted access to hardware.

Multitasking

The ability of an operating system to execute multiple tasks simultaneously.

Microcontroller

A small computer containing one or more CPUs with memory and programmable input/output peripherals.

Cache Memory

High-speed memory used to temporarily store frequently accessed data or instructions from main memory.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Volatile memory that loses data when power is off, used as the main memory of a computer.

BIOS (Basic Input Output System)

Software in the motherboard that initializes and checks hardware during the booting process.

Device Driver

Software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

Virtual Memory

A memory management technique that creates the illusion of a larger main memory by using disk storage.

Operating System (OS) is a software that __________ hardware perform various operations.

makes

In __________ mode, the operating system runs with direct access to hardware.

Kernel

User applications run in __________ mode with restricted access to hardware.

User

The ability of an operating system to execute __________ tasks simultaneously is called multitasking.

multiple

A __________ is a small computer containing one or more CPUs with memory and programmable input/output peripherals.

microcontroller

High-speed memory used to temporarily store frequently accessed data or instructions is known as __________ memory.

cache

__________ (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that loses data when power is off.

RAM

The software in the motherboard that initializes hardware during the booting process is referred to as __________.

BIOS

A __________ driver is software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

device

Virtual Memory is a memory management technique that creates the illusion of a __________ main memory using disk storage.

larger

A __________ is a program that performs tasks on behalf of an operating system.

service

The __________ controls the execution of programs and manages the system's resources.

operating system

__________ is a process of dividing a program into smaller parts for easier management.

modularization

A __________ is an interface that allows users to interact with the operating system and applications.

user interface

The __________ is a collection of software programs that manage computer hardware resources.

operating system

volatile memory that temporarily holds data for quick access is called __________.

cache memory

__________ are the basic building blocks of programs within an operating system.

processes

The __________ is the part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logic operations.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

__________ allows a computer to run multiple applications at the same time without interference.

multitasking

A __________ is a hardware component that enables the computer to communicate with other devices.

controller

What is the function of a CPU?

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component that performs most of the processing inside a computer.

What role does RAM play in a computer?

RAM (Random Access Memory) provides temporary storage for data and programs that the CPU is currently using.

What is the purpose of an operating system?

An operating system manages computer hardware and software resources and provides services for computer programs.

What is a file system?

A file system is a method and data structure that an operating system uses to manage files on a disk.

Define the term 'bus' in computing.

A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer.

What is a process in computing?

A process is an instance of a program in execution, which includes the program code and its current activity.

What does 'booting' refer to?

Booting is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory.

What is a user interface?

A user interface is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur, facilitating user control of the machine.

Explain the term 'deadlock' in operating systems.

A deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release resources.

What is the role of a device driver?

A device driver is software that allows the operating system to communicate and control hardware devices.