Muscles (Origin, Insertion, Innervation)

Deltoid

• Origin

  • Lateral ½ clavicle, acromion, scapular spine

• Insertion

  • Deltoid Tuberosity

• Innervation

  • Axillary n.

• Actions

  • ABDUCTION (15-90)

  • Everything else besides Adduction

Pectoralis major

• Origin

  • Medial ½ clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6

• Insertion

  • Intertubercular Groove (lateral lip)

• Innervation

  • Medial & Lateral Pectoral n.

• Action

  • Adduction

  • Flexion of Arm

  • Medial Rotation of Arm

Latissimus dorsi

• Origin

  • Spinal Process (Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral)

  • Iliac Crest

• Insertion

  • Intertubercular Groove

• Innervation

  • Thoracodorsal n.

• Actions

  • Adduction

  • Extension

  • Medial Rotation

Teres major

• Origin

  • Inferior Angle of Scapula

• Insertion

  • Intertubercular Groove (medial lip)

• Innervation

  • Lower subscapular n.

• Actions

  • Adduction

  • Medial Rotation

Coracobrachialis

• Origin

  • Coracoid process

• Insertion

  • Humeral Shaft (medial)

• Innervation

  • Musculocutaneous n.

• Action

  • Adduction

  • Flexion

What are the muscles of the Shoulder Girdle?

• Deltoid

• Pectoral major

• Latissimus dorsi

• Teres major

• Coracobrachialis

Supraspinatus m.

• Origin

  • Supraspinous fossa

• Insertion

  • Greater tubercle

• Innervation

  • Suprascapular n.

• Action

  • Abduction Initiation (0-15)

Infraspinatus m.

• Origin

  • Infraspinous fossa

• Insertion

  • Greater tubercle

• Innervation

  • Suprascapular n.

• Action

  • Lateral Rotation

  • Adduction

Teres minor m.

• Origin

  • Lateral scapular border

• Insertion

  • Greater tubercle

• Innervation

  • Axillary n.

• Action

  • Adduction

  • Lateral Rotation

Subscapularis m.

• Origin

  • Subscapular fossa

• Insertion

  • Lesser tubercle

• Innervation

  • Upper & Lower subscapular n.

• Actions

  • Adduction

  • Medial Rotation

Name all of the Rotator Cuff muscles

Supraspinatus m., Infraspinatus m., Teres minor, Subscapularis m.

Trapezius

• Origin

  • Occipital Bone

  • Spinal Process (C7-T12)

• Insertion

  • Clavicle (Lateral 1/3)

  • Scapular Spine

  • Acromion

• Innervation

  • Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory Nerve)

• Actions

  • Retraction

  • Medial & Lateral Rotation

  • Elevation & Depression

  • Neck Extension

  • Support Upper Limbs

Rhomboid minor

• Origin

  • Spinal Process (C7-T1)

• Insertion

  • Base of the Medial Border of Scapula

• Innervation

  • Dorsal scapular n.

• Actions

  • Retraction

  • Medial Rotation

  • Stabilize Scapula

Rhomboid major

• Origin

  • Spinal Process (T2-T5)

• Insertion

  • Below Base of Medial Border of Scapula

• Innervation

  • Dorsal scapular n.

• Action

  • Retraction

  • Medial Rotation

Levator scapulae

• Origin

  • Transverse Process (C1-C4)

• Insertion

  • Above Base of Scapular Spine

• Innervation

  • Dorsal Scapular n.

• Action

  • Elevation

  • Medial Rotation

Pectoralis minor

• Origin

  • Ribs 3-5

• Insertion

  • Coracoid Process

• Innervation

  • Medial pectoral n.

• Action

  • Protraction

  • Scapular Stabilization

  • Medial Rotation of Scapula

  • Accessory Muscle for Respiration

Serratus anterior m.

• Origin

  • Lateral Surface of Ribs 1-8

• Insertion

  • Anterior Surface of Medial Border of Scapula

• Innervation

  • Long Thoracic n.

• Action

  • Protraction

  • Holds Scapula Against ribcage

  • Lateral Rotation (to abduct arm past 90)

Biceps brachii m. (Short Head)

• Origin

  • Coracoid Process

• Insertion

  • Radial Tuberosity

• Innervation

  • Musculocutaneous n.

• Actions

  • Flexion of Supinated Arm

  • Supination of Flexed Arm

Biceps brachii m. (Long Head)

• Origin

  • Superior Rim of Glenoid Fossa

• Insertion

  • Radial Tuberosity

• Innervation

  • Musculocutaneous n.

• Actions

  • Flexion of Supinated Arm

  • Supination of Flexed Arm

Brachialis m.

• Origin

  • Anterior Surface of Humerus

• Insertion

  • Coronoid Process (Ulna)

• Innervation

  • Musculocutaneous n.

• Actions

  • Flexion of Forearm

Triceps brachii. m. (Long Head)

• Origin

  • Infraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula

• Insertion

  • Olecranon

• Innervation

  • Radial n.

• Action

  • Extension of Arm & Forearm

Triceps brachii. m. (Lateral Head)

• Origin

  • Posterior Humerus ABOVE Radial Groove

• Insertion

  • Olecranon

• Innervation

  • Extension of Forearm

Triceps brachii. m. (Medial Head)

• Origin

  • Posterior Humerus BELOW Radial Groove

• Insertion

  • Olecranon

• Innervation

  • Radial n.

• Action

  • Extension of Forearm

Pronator Teres

Origin

• Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

• Coronoid Process of Ulna

Insertion

• Lateral Side of Middle of Radius

Innervation

• Median n.

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin

• Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• 2nd Metacarpal

Innervation

• Median n.

Action

• Hand Flexion

• Hand Abduction

Palmaris Longus

Origin

• Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• Palmar Aponeurosis

Innervation

• Median n.

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin

• Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• Pisiform. Hamate, 5th Metacarpal

Innervation

• Ulnar n.

Action

• Hand Flexion

• Hand Adduction

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin

• Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• Middle Phalanx of Digits 2-5

Innervation

• Median n.

Action

• Flexion: PIP, MCP Joints, Wrist

Flexor pollicis longus

Origin

• Radius

• Interosseous Membrane

Insertion

• Distal Phalanx of Digit 1

Flexor digitorum profundus

Origin

• Anterior Ulna

• Interosseous Membrane

Insertion

• Distal Phalanx of Digits 2-5

Innervation

• Medial Half - Ulnar n.

• Lateral Half - Medial n.

Action

• Flexion: DIP, PIP, MCP Joints, Wrist

Pronator quadratus

Origin

• Distal Ulna

Insertion

• Distal Radius

Innervation

• Median n.

Brachioradialis

Origin

• Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Insertion

• Distal Radius

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Forearm FLEXION + SUPINATION

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin

• Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Insertion

• Base of 2nd Metacarpal

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Hand Extension + Abduction

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin

• Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Insertion

• 3rd Metacarpal

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Hand Extension + Abduction

Extensor Digitorum (Communis)

Origin

• Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• Extensor Expansion of Digits 2-5

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Extension: MCP Joints + Wrist

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin

• Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• Extensor Expansion of Digit 5

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Extension: MCP Joints + IP Joints

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin

• Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• 5th Metacarpal

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Hand Extension + ADDUCTION

Supinator

Origin

• Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

Insertion

• Radius Shaft (proximal to pronator teres)

Innervation

• Radial n.

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin

• Posterior Ulna

• Radius

• Interosseous Membrane

Insertion

• Base of 1st Metacarpal

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Digit 1: Abduction + Extension (at CMC joint)

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin

• Radius

• Interosseous Membrane

Insertion

• Proximal Phalanx of Digit 1

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Digit 1: Extension (at MMC joint)

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin

• Ulna

• Interosseous Membrane

Insertion

• Distal Phalanx of Digit 1

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Digit 1: Extension (at IP joint)

Extensor Indicis

Origin

• Ulna

• Interosseous Membrane

Insertion

• Extensor Expansion of Digit 2

Innervation

• Radial n.

Action

• Digit 2: Extension