unit 7 ap human geography

studied byStudied by 17 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

weber’s least cost theory model

1 / 47

48 Terms

1

weber’s least cost theory model

  • agglomeration - clustering of different activities in an area to benefit themselves

  • minimizing transportation costs

  • minimizing labor costs (cost of production)

explains key decisions made by businesses

New cards
2

bulk reducing goods

  • good that as production happens, gets lighter and easier to transport

  • closer to resources

New cards
3

bulk gaining goods

  • as production happens, gets harder to transport because of the increasing weight

  • closer to market

New cards
4

core countries

  • most advanced economies

  • highest standard of living

New cards
5

semi-periphery countries

  • emerging economies'

  • still industrializing

New cards
6

periphery countries

  • rely on exports of raw goods to more economically developed countries

New cards
7

multinational corporation

  • exploiting or benefitting from an economic labor force

  • business in at least one other country than its home country

  • ex. google, apple

New cards
8

formal economy

  • recognized by law

  • ex. teachers, doctors, police

New cards
9

informal activities

  • not regulated or protected by the government

  • ex. unregistered small business, street vendors

  • squatter settlements have more of this due to less govt support

New cards
10

gross domestic product GDP

  • total value of all goods and services produced within a country’s borders

  • economy growth inside boundaries

New cards
11

gross national product Gnp

  • total economic output produced by a country’s residents and businesses

  • includes citizens in a different country

New cards
12

gross national income GNI

  • total income generated by a country’s rewidents and businesses

  • both domestically and abroad

New cards
13

gender inequality index GII

  • measures gender-based inequalities in health, education, and economic participation

  • higher values indicate higher inequalities, the lower the less inequality

New cards
14

human development index HDI

  • used to measure economic and social development of a country'

  • determined using life expectancy, expected years of schooling, and gross national income per capita GNI

  • higher value, more developed

  • lower value, less developed

New cards
15

more developed countries, use more ____ ____

fossil fuels

New cards
16

microloans

  • goes to people who are excluded from economic society, especially in LDCs

  • goal is to help them and society financially

New cards
17

gender parity

economic development generally increases the amount of gender equality in a society

New cards
18

traditional society

  • early stages of DTM

  • primary sector: focused on agriculture, raw resources, extraction

New cards
19

preconditions for takeoff

  • more investment in infrastructure and education

  • economy shifts since foreign states start to become more interested, influenced by low wage labor

  • diffuses tech more widely

  • still a lot of primary, but more secondary

New cards
20

take off

  • rapid economic growth

  • big boost in economy

  • jobs move out of agricultural/primary, and transitions to more industrial socities (secondary)

  • more job opportunities and urbanization

  • initiates self-sustaining growht

New cards
21

drive to maturity

  • more specialization

  • involvement in global trade

  • shifting to tertiary sector

  • sees more economic growth than population growth

New cards
22

high mass consumption

  • sees more quinary and quaternary

  • more tertiary jobs

  • manufacturing happens in other states

  • high mass consumption, spends money on nonessential goods

New cards
23

rostows stages of economic growth criticisms

  • doesnt factor in colonialism

  • assumes everybody will reach the highest level

New cards
24

wallerstein’s world system theory

interdependency

  • core countries benefit more from global trade by taking advantage of raw materials

  • shows impact of colonization

  • highlights how infrastructure in colonized states was set up for the core/colonizing states

criticisms:

  • doesn’t take in microloans, microfinancing, that helps LDCs grow econimcally

New cards
25

dependency theory

  • suggests that semi periphery and periphery are dependent on their economic growth with core countries

  • core countries are more economically advanced that reap more benefits off global trade

  • still benefit to LDCs, but MDCs get more of the benefit

New cards
26

commodity dependence

over 60% of exports are made off of a certain commodity/good

  • big issue for the country, leads to economic struggle

  • demonstrates how a diversified portfolio is better

New cards
27

globalization

the process by which countries, economies, cultures, businesses, and people become interconnected and dependent on each other

New cards
28

neo liberal policy

  • focus is to try and get freedom from the government, free markets, and free trade

  • tries to reduce government regulation and promote free market

  • ex. European Union

New cards
29

free trade

  • reduces amount of restrictions and barriers

  • stimulates economic growth

New cards
30

tariff

  • opposite of free trade

  • happens because a state is afraid they will lose domestic jobs

  • tax or duty imposed by a government on goods and services that come inside a country

New cards
31

trade facilitates _______ _____

economic growth

New cards
32

comparative advantage

an economic concept

  • when a country, individual, or organization produces a good or service at a lower cost than another country, individual, or organization

  • focuses on specialization, a country will do what they are best at, produce those products, and the ones you aren’t best at, trade with a country that is

New cards
33

economic restructuring

significant shift in production, employment, investment, trade patterns, or underlying ecoomic systems

  • primary and secondary jobs are put in the hands of semiperiphery and periphery countries, while core focuses on tertiary

New cards
34

offshoring

  • process of relocating a busines, process, or service to a foreign country

New cards
35

outsourcing

  • when a business contracts to a service, job, or an external provider

  • reduces their costs and increase their efficiency

New cards
36

free trade zone

New cards
37

export processing zone

New cards
38

international divison of labor

  • focusing on how countries use comparative advantage to specializw in diff economic activities, resources, and capabilities

New cards
39

multiplier effect

  • when an original investment by an individual, business, government, or organization leads to a chain reaction of spending and inceased economic activity

New cards
40

fordism

  • a system of production that emphasizes mass production of standard goods

New cards
41

post-fordism

a system of production that emphasizes more flexible production methods where workers are trained in multiple tasks

New cards
42

economies of scale

as a company grows, reduction of the cost to produce a product

New cards
43

just-ion-time delivery

  • materials are delivered to the manufacturing plant precisely when they are needed

New cards
44

growth poles

specific regions, cities, or areas that are considered centers of economic growth and devlopment

  • a result of agglomeration

New cards
45

deindustrialization

reduction of primary and secondary sector

New cards
46

UN sustainable development goals 2016-2030

  • leads to higher standard of living

New cards
47

degradation

decline in quality

New cards
48

ecotourism

focuses on responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environemtn

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 33 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 80 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
4.5(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (49)
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (46)
studied byStudied by 32 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (100)
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (144)
studied byStudied by 183 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (115)
studied byStudied by 1106 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (70)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot