Microbio Topic 2.2

What consist of life?

Matter and energy

Mass

Amount of matter in a object

Matter

Composed of elements

Elements

Cannot be broken down by chemical/physical means, Always maintains its prosperities

Within the nucleus what consist of it?

Protons/Neutrons

Molecule

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Compound

Two or more different elements chemically bonded together

Isotopes

Element that has a varied amount of neutrons

Radioactivity

energy released by an unstable isotope as it tries to return to a more stable state

Ion

Change in electrons resulting in a charge

Electrolytes

Compounds in water able to conduct electricity

Acids

Ionic compounds that release H+ when mixed with water

Base

Release OH when mixed w/water

Salts

Dont release H+ or OH- instead just disassociate

PH

Concentration of H+ in a solution

PH 1-7

Acidic

PH 7-14

Basic

Covalent bond

Two atoms sharing electrons

Intramolecular bonds (Ionic/Covalent)

Within a molecule

Intermolecular bonds (Hydrogen)

Amongst molecules

Atomic number

Protons

Atomic weight

Protons/Neutrons

Functional groups

Added to carbon skeleton to alter it

Dehydration synthesis

Loss of water to build a polymer

Hydrolysis

Break polymer by adding h20

Carbohydrates - (CH20)n

Energy storage and protein modification

Triglycerides

Lipid made of 1 glycerold and 3 fatty acids
Function: Insulation, cushioning as well as energy storage

What is the difference between a unsaturated and saturated fatty acid

Based on hydrogen amount that is carried

Phospholipid:

1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate functional group
Function: Formation of cell membranes and emulsification of lipids

Sterols

Lipids with interlocking rings
function: Cholesterol , bile acids, and sexual hormones

Proteins

Enzymes, carriers, shape, support, motility

Nucleic acids

Carriers of genetic information (DNA/RNA)

What are proteins monomers

Amino acids

Polymers make what?

Proteins which help be modified by carbohydrates

Shape determines what of proteins?

Function

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

Nucleotide

Organic