Hip, Leg, and Gluteal Region

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Gluteus Maximus?

Proximal: Posterior illium to posterior gluteal line, sacrum, coccyx

Distal: Illiotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity

What innervates the Gluteus Maximus?

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

Powerful hip extension, external (lateral) rotation

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus?

Proximal: External lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Distal: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

What innervates the Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus?

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

What are the actions of Gluteus Medius?

Hip abduction, pelvic stabilization during gait, medial (internal) rotation

What are the actions of Gluteus Minimus?

Hip abduction, internal (medial) rotation

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the Tensor Fascae Latea (FTL)

Proximal: Anterior superior illiac spine, illiac crest

Distal: Illiotibial tract

What innervates the Tensor Fasccia Latea?

Superior gluteal nerve

What are the actions of Tensor Fascia Latea?

Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Adductor Longus?

Proximal: Pubis

Distal: Linea aspera

What innervates the Adductor Longus, Adductor brevis, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis, Superior gemellus, and inferior gemellus?

Obturator nerve

What are the actions of adductor longus?

Adducts thigh

What are the proximal and distal attachments of adductor brevis?

Proximal: Pubis

Distal: Linea aspera

What structure divides around the adductor brevis?

Obturator nerve

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Adductor Magnus?

Proximal: Pubis, Ischial tuberosity

Distal: Linea aspera, adductor tuberosity

What innervates the Adductor Magnus?

Innervated by obturator nerve (anterior portion), and tibial division of sciatic nerve (hamstring portion)

What are the actions of Adductor Magnus?

Adducts+Extends thigh

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Obturator Externus

Proximal: Obturator Membrane

Distal: Trochenteric Fossa

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Obturator Internus?

Proximal: Internal margin of obturator foramen and inner surface of obturator membrane

Distal: Greater trochanter of the femur (lateral)

What innervates the Obturator internus?

Obturator internus nerve

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Gracilis?

Proximal: Pubis

Distal: Medial tibia (Pes Anserinus)

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Illiacus?

Proximal: Illiac fossa

Distal: Lesser trochanter

What innervates the Illiacus, Rectus femoris and sartorius?

Femoral nerve

What are the actions of Illiacus?

Flexes the thigh

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the Psoas Major?

Proximal: Lumbar vertebrae

Distal: Lesser trochanter of femur

What are the actions of Psoas Major?

Flexes the thigh, extends vertebral column

What innervates the Psoas Major?

L1-L4 (anterior rami)

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the psoas minor?

Proximal: Lateral surface of T12 and L1

Distal: Illiopubic eminence and arcuate line of the ilium

What are the actions of psoas minor?

Tilts pelvis posteriorly

What innervates Psoas Minor?

L1-L2 (anterior rami)

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Illiopsoas?

Proximal: superior pubic ramus (pecten pubis)

Distal: Lesser trochanter

What are the actions of Illiopsas?

Flexes the hip

What innervates the Illiopsas?

Combination of two muscles: Psoas Major+Illiacus

Psoas Major=anterior (ventral) rami of L1-L4

Illiacus=Femoral nerve

What are the proximal/distal attachments of Pectineus?

Proximal: superior pubic ramus (pecten pubis)

Distal: Femur (pectineal line)

What innervates pectineus?

Innervated by femoral nerve, but may receive obturator contribution

What are the actions of pectineus?

Adduction of the thigh

What muscle forms the floor of the femoral nerve and femoral artery?

Pectineus

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Piriformus?

Proximal: Anterior surface of sacrum

Distal: Greater trochanter of femur (lateral)

What innervates the Piriformis?

Anterior rami of S1 and S2

What are the actions of piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator externus and obturator internus?

Laterally rotates the thigh

What are the proximal+distal attachments of superior gemellus and inferior gemellus?

Proximal: Ischial spine (medially)

Distal: Greater trochanter of the femur (lateral) and obturator internus tendon

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Quadratus femoris?

Proximal: Ischial tuberosity (medial)

Distal: Quadrate tubercle (lateral)

What innervates quadratus femoris?

Nerve to quadratus femoris

What are the proximal and distal attachments of rectus femoris?

Proximal: anterior illiac spine

Distal: tibial tuberosity

What are the actions of rectus femoris?

Flexes thigh+extends leg

What are the proximal and distal attachments of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis?

Proximal: Medial lip of linea aspera and interotrochanteric line

Distal: Tibial tuberosity

What are the actions of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis?

Extends the leg

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the long head of biceps femoris?

Proximal: Ischial tuberosity

Distal: head of fibula

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the short head of biceps femoris?

Proximal: lateral lip of the linea aspera of femur

Distal: Head of fibula

What are the actions of biceps femoris

Extends the thigh (only long head), and flexes the leg

What innervates the long head of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus?

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

What innervates the short head of the biceps femoris?

Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

What are the proximal and distal attachments of semitendinosus

Proximal: Ischial tuberosity

Distal: Medial surface of superior tibia

What are the actions of Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus?

Extends the thigh and medially (internally) rotates the leg

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Semimembranosus?

Proximal: Ischial tuberosity

Distal: Posterior part of the medial condyle of thigh

What innervates the Semimembranosus, Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Soleus, Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus?

Tibial nerve

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Popliteus?

Proximal: lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur+lateral meniscus

Distal: Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

What are the actions of popliteus?

Unlocks fully extended leg, weak flexor of leg

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Sartorius?

Proximal: anterior superior illiac spine

Distal: medial surface of proximal tibia

What are the actions of sartorius?

Flexes+laterally rotates the thigh; flexes+medially (internally) rotates the leg

What innervates the Fibularis Longus and Brevis?

Superficial fibular nerve

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Gastrocnemius?

Proximal: Superior to lateral+medial femoral condyles

Distal: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

What are the actions of gastrocnemius and plantaris?

Plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee

What are the proximal and distal attachments of plantaris?

Proximal: lateral supracondylar line of the femur

Distal: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

What are the proximal and distal attachments of Soleus?

Proximal: Soleal line of the tibia and head of the fibula

Distal: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

What are the actions of soleus?

Plantarflexes the foot

What are the proximal and distal attachments of tibalis posterior?

Proximal: Tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

Distal: Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid and bases of metacarpals 2-4

What muscle is this and what does it do?

Tibialis posterior, inverts and plantarflexes the foot

What are the proximal and distal attachments of flexor digitorum longus?

Proximal: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line

Distal: Bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

What are the proximal and distal attachments of fibularis longus?

Proximal: Head and superior two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Distal: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

What are the proximal and distal attachments of fibularis brevis?

Proximal: Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Distal: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

What are the actions of the fibularis longus and brevis?

Everts and plantarflexes the foot

Name this muscle

Rectus femoris

Name this muscle

Vastus Lateralis

Name this muscle

Vastus Medialis

Name this muscle

Pectineus

What muscle is this?

Gracilis

What muscle is this?

Tensor Fascia Latae

What muscle is this?

Illiotibial Tract

What muscle is this?

Sartorius

What muscle is this?

Tibialis Anterior

What muscle is this?

Extensor digitorum longus of foot

What muscle is this?

Fibularis longus

What muscle is this?

Soleus

What muscle is this?

Fibularis Brevis

What muscle is this?

Flexor Digitorum Longus of Foot

What muscle is this?

Semitendinosus

What muscle is this?

Psoas Major

What muscle is this?

Adductor magnus

What muscle is this?

Biceps femoris long head

What muscle is this?

Semimembranosus

What muscle is this?

Plantaris

What muscle is this?

Biceps femoris short head

What muscle is this?

Piriformis

What muscle is this?

Inferior Gemellus

What muscle is this?

Superior Gemellus

What muscle is this?

Popliteus

What muscle is this?

Gastrocnemius lateral head