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On the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies
Astronomical work by Copernicus asserting that the Earth revolves around the sun, establishing the heliocentric theory.
New Astronomy
Astronomy text by Kepler proving that heavenly objects revolve in elliptical orbits.
The Starry Messenger
Galileo's book filled with descriptions and drawings of telescopic observations.
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Galileo's work offering a comparison of geocentric and heliocentric theories.
Principia
Newton's seminal work explaining his discoveries including the Third Law of Motion and gravity.
On the Fabric of the Human Body
Anatomical work by Vesalius featuring detailed drawings based on dissections.
On The Motion of the Heart and Blood
Medical text by Harvey that explains the circulatory system and blood movement.
Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam
Entomological work by Marian featuring illustrations and descriptions of insects.
Letters on Turkey
Observations of life in the Ottoman capital written by the wife of a British diplomat.
Discourse on Method
Philosophical work by Descartes emphasizing that knowledge must begin with doubt.
New Instrument
Philosophical work by Francis Bacon asserting that knowledge should be based on empirical evidence.
Cook’s Travels
Biography by Captain Cook describing his voyages across the Pacific and encounters with native cultures.
On the Different Races of Men
Kant's work dividing humanity into racial groups, with racist views on non-Europeans.
Supplement to Bougainville’s Voyage
Diderot's comparison of European society and Tahitian society, arguing for natural freedom.
Encyclopedia
Diderot's extensive compilation of human knowledge focusing on philosophy and science.
Spirit of the Laws
Montesquieu's work advocating the separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny.
Philosophical Letters on the English
Voltaire's tribute to English freedoms of speech, press, and religion.
The Social Contract
Rousseau's revolutionary work arguing for popular sovereignty and the general will.
The Wealth of Nations
Smith's influential economics text advocating for free trade and capitalism.
Vindication of the Rights of Women
Wollstonecraft's work endorsing equal rights for women and capability of reason.
