The Expansion of the American Industry (better one)

Quizlet imported

American Federation of Labor

Formed in 1886. Excluded women and African Americans and organized only skilled workers.

Captains of Industry

Leaders in the business world who were believed to serve their nation and companies in a positive manner and whose innovations made society better.

Cartels

Loose association of businesses that make the same product were formed. This limited competition & drove up prices.

Collective Bargaining

Workers negotiate as a group with employers. A negotiation for better pay.

Define Socialism

It is a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates the means of production, distribution, and that exchange should be regulated or owned by the community as a whole.

Development of labor unions

The development of labor unions was sparked by Socialist ideas.

Haymarket Chicago, 1886

Strikers from various groups demanding an 8 hour day. 8 police officers killed when a bomb was thrown into police formation. 4 anarchists were hanged.

Homestead, Penn (1892)

The partner at the Carnegie plant cut wages. Workers went on strike. A private security company (Pinkertons) were called in to stop the strike and many were killed. State militia sent to protect strike breakers

How did the Government respond to these strikes?

They sent in troops because they were on the big businesses owners sides.

How did the growth of big business bring both wealth and hardship to American society?

Big business provided jobs that made people fled to the city. The down side was that big businesses corrupted smaller businesses and the working conditions were terrible, and the pay was lower.

How did the Industrial Revolution spark the growth in big business and changes in American society?

The technology increase sparked the growth in big businesses and changes in American society.

How was the American Federation of Labor different from the Knights of Labor?

The American Federation of Labor excluded women and African Americans. They only organized skilled workers.

In the late _______________, workers formed unions to fight for more pay & better working conditions

1800s

Knights of Labor

Formed in 1869 to organize all workers, women, and African Americans into one union. They wanted equal pay for equal work, 8 hour work days, and an end to child labor.

Monopolies and trust

Companies with complete control over a product & Cartels.

Negative impact of big businesses

Negative impacts were Robber Barons, workers who were paid low wages and worked in poor working conditions. Small companies were run out of business. Monopolies and Trusts, Cartels, and Social Darwinism.

Ohio Railroad(Great Railroad Strike)

1877, protesting a 10% wage cut and unsafe conditions. Troops were called in to put down strike, many were killed. Strikers set fire to railroad property. President Hayes sent in federal troops to stop the strike.

Poor working conditions

Working long hours for low wages in harsh conditions, millions of workers are responsible for the expansion of American Industry.

Positive impacts of big businesses

Some positive impacts were Captains of Industry. A wide variety of goods were available for the public to choose from. New jobs were available. Many of the wealthy funded charities and created libraries and universities.

Pullman: (Illinois, 1894)

A town built for the workers of the Pullman sleeping cars. Pullman cut wages but kept food & rent prices the same. Workers went on strike. Led to interference with the U.S. mail. President Cleveland sent in troops to stop the strike.

Robber Barons

Business leaders who were believed to have made their fortunes by cheating or stealing from others.

Social Darwinism

Political and economic philosophy that only the smartest and strongest members of society will be successful.

Socialist

Economic and political philosophy that advocates government ownership of business & sharing the wealth

Technological growth positive effects

Lightning allowed businesses and factories to stay open longer and produce more to make money. Refrigerator allowed to transport more goods for longer distances and helped markets. Sewing machines reduced more textiles and clothing.

To what extent should the United States government control business?

They should manage their working conditions.

What are the differences between Socialism & Social Darwinism?

Social Darwinism supported the belief that an unequal distribution of wealth in the nation was necessary and that the government should not intervene in business. Socialist believed that advocates government ownership of business and sharing the wealth.

What happened in the strike?

Federal troops were sent in to stop the strikes. Police officers were bombed. Anarchists were also hinged.

What improvements did the Knights of Labor seek in working conditions?

They wanted equal pay for equal work, 8 hour work days. They also wanted to end child labor.

What inscreased economic growth?

Many natural resources essential to industry. Technological developments. Abundant labor supply. Growing population and advances in transportation made U.S. a large market. Capital was plentiful. Government policies such as tariffs protected businesses. Talented entrepreneurs.

What is collective bargaining?

Workers negotiate as a group with employers. It also negotiated to make more money.

What sparked the growth of industry and big business in the United States and changed American society?

The technological revolution

What was the distribution of wealth in 1890?

9% of the population holds 75% of the nations wealth.

What was the impact of industrialization?

New Inventions sparked the growth of business. Big business brought both wealth & hardship to the U.S. Millions of workers worked in horrible working conditions for very little pay. Labor unions developed to protest working conditions.

What was the response of the federal government in these strikes?

Troops were sent to stop the strikes, while the state militia were sent to protect strike breakers.

What were 2 methods used by labor unions to put economic pressure on employers?

They would go on strikes and refuse to work.

What were 2 ways employers demonstrated their dislike of labor unions? What were "yellow dog" contracts?

Two ways employers demonstrated their dislike of labor unions by fighting against unions and often refused to hire people unless they promised to not join a union. A yellow dog contract is a contract between a worker and an employer in which the worker agrees not to remain in or join a union.

What were methods used by unions?

Collective Bargaining. They started strikes. Employers fought against unions and often refused to hire people unless they promised to not join a union. Labor unions goal was to get better worker conditions and more money. They made their workers sign a yellow dog contract.

What were the common factors in all 4 of the strikes?

Violent, troops sent in, and government sided with big business owners.

What were the working conditions like for the millions of Americans who were responsible for the growth of American industry?

Low light, very hot, the machines were dangerous at times, no open vents or safety precautions.

Which philosophy supported the belief that an unequal distribution of wealth in the nation was necessary and that the government should not intervene in business?

Social Darwinism

Who founded the AFL?

Samuel Gompers.

Who was striking?

The workers.

Who were the Knights of Labor?

They were formed in 1869 to organize all women, workers, and African Americans into one Union.

Why did labor unions form in the late 1800s and how did they work to achieve better working conditions?

They held strikes because working conditions were terrible.

Why were they striking?

They wanted their wages not to be cut and to have reasonable working hours.