Wk. 15 - Psychopharmacology Flashcards

What is the primary mechanism of action of typical (first-generation) antipsychotics?

Block dopamine receptors.

What symptoms do typical antipsychotics primarily treat?

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia/psychosis.

What are common side effects of typical antipsychotics?

EPS, tardive dyskinesia (TD), NMS, anticholinergic effects.

What nursing assessment tool is used for extrapyramidal symptoms and TD?

AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale).

What is a serious and potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotics requiring immediate intervention?

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS).

What distinguishes atypical (second/third-generation) antipsychotics from typical antipsychotics?

Atypicals block both dopamine and serotonin receptors

What are atypical antipsychotics used to treat in addition to psychosis?

Bipolar disorder, affective symptoms, anxiety, and sleep disturbances.

Which atypical antipsychotic requires WBC monitoring due to risk of agranulocytosis?

Clozapine.

What are key metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

Weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

What nursing education is important for clients taking atypical antipsychotics?

Lifestyle changes for weight management and monitoring metabolic labs.

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

Block the reuptake of serotonin

Name three common SSRIs.

Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Escitalopram.

What are common side effects of SSRIs?

GI upset, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, weight changes, activation.

What life-threatening condition is associated with too much serotonin?

Serotonin Syndrome.

What symptoms indicate serotonin syndrome?

Tremor, myoclonus, fever, agitation, altered mental status, hyperreflexia.

What is the mechanism of action of SNRIs?

Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

What additional side effect is common with SNRIs compared to SSRIs?

Increased blood pressure.

What nursing consideration is important for patients on SNRIs?

Monitor blood pressure regularly

How long do antidepressants typically take to reach full therapeutic effect?

4–6 weeks.

Why should patients be monitored for suicide when starting antidepressants?

Activation may occur before mood improves, increasing suicide risk.

What is lithium used to treat?

Bipolar disorder (mania and maintenance).

What is a key nursing consideration for lithium therapy?

Monitor serum lithium levels and ensure adequate hydration.

Name signs of lithium toxicity.

Tremor, confusion, GI upset, seizures, coma.

What labs are important when managing a client on lithium?

Renal function, thyroid function, and lithium levels.

What is the MOA of benzodiazepines?

Enhance GABA activity in the brain.

What are serious risks of long-term benzodiazepine use?

Dependence, withdrawal seizures, and cognitive impairment.

What is a benefit of buspirone over benzodiazepines?

No risk for dependence or abuse.

How does buspirone work?

Partial agonist at serotonin receptors.

Define "target symptoms" in psychiatric medication management.

Symptoms the medication is intended to reduce

Why do older adults require special medication planning?

Decreased metabolism, increased sensitivity, polypharmacy, and altered drug distribution increase risk of side effects/toxicity.