AT Kinesiology Flashcards

exercise

structured, repetitive physical activity

skilled movement

precise, coordinated actions requiring practice and technique

sport sociology

shared beliefs and social practices (gender, ethnicity, socio-economic)

anatomy & physiology

structure of the human body and how to enhance physical performance

exercise prescription

recommendation of specific types, intensities, durations, and frequencies of physical activity to improve an individual’s health

biomechanics

how basic laws of physics affect and shape structure and function of the human body

motor control and learning

how motor skills are learned and controlled by mechanisms in the body and influenced by the environment

sport and exercise psychology

learn about the mental aspects of physical activity

what is the role of the skeleton?

support, protection, growth center for cells, source of minerals, movement

axial skeleton

skull, rib cage, vertebrae

appendicular

remaining bones, largely extremities (not axial)

total bones

206

what are the 5 types of bones?

1. long bones

2. short bones

3. flat bones

4. irregular bones

5. sesamoid bones

cranium

mandible

clavicle

cervical spine

thoracic spine

lumbar spine

scapula

sternum

ribs

pelvis

sacrum

humerus

radius

ulna

carpals

metacarpals

phalanges (upper body)

phalanges (lower body)

femur

patella

tibia

fibula

tarsals

metatarsals

anatomical position

frontal plane

transverse plane

sagittal plane

what is the rule between anatomical planes and axes?

The anatomical planes that correspond to the anatomical axes are perpendicular.

what direction are you going when you are going from front to back vice versa?

anterior (forward)/posterior (backward)

what direction are you going when you are going from head to toe vice versa?

superior (upward)/inferior (downward)

what direction are you going when you are going from going inward to the body to outward to the body vice versa?

medial (inward)/lateral (outward)

what direction are you going when you are going from closer to the center of the body to further from the center of the body vice versa?

proximal (closer)/ distal (further)

what direction are you going when you are going from inside to outside the body vice versa?

superficial (near the suface)/deep (into the body)

joint

location where 2 or more bones meet

what are the 3 main types of joints?

1. fibrous joint (no movement)

2. cartilaginous joints (slight movement)

3. synovial joints (have a space filled with synovial fluid that allows for movement)

articular cartilage

smooth layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the surfaces of the bones in the joint - reduces friction and absorbs shock during movement

joint capsule

fibrous capsule that surrounds the joint, providing stability and enclosing the synovial cavity. There are 2 layers: outer fibrous layer for strength and the inner synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid

synovial fluid

fluid produced to lubricate the joint, reducing friction between the articular cartilage and nourishing it by supplying nutrients and removing waste

ligaments

connecting bone to bone

bursae

fluid-filled sacs located around the joint to reduce friction and cushion pressure points between the bone and tendons or muscles

plane/gliding joint

hinge joint

ball-and-socket joint

saddle joint

pivot joint

condyloid/ellipsoid

what type of joint is at the neck?

pivot joint

what type of joint is at the elbow?

hinge joint

what type of joint is at the wrist?

condyloid/ellipse joint

what type of joint is at the thumb?

saddle joint

what type of joint is at the hip?

ball and socket joint

what type of joint is at the knee?

hinge joint

what type of joint is at the ankle?

hinge joint

how is skeletal movement described?

As the skeletal joint - not the muscle

flexion

joint angle getting smaller

extension

joint angle is increasing

abduction

limb is moving away from the center line

adduction

limb is moving toward the center line

supination

leaning outward

pronation

leaning inward

plantar flexion

pointing your foot

dorsiflexion

upward bending of foot

inversion

ankle going inward

eversion

ankle going outward

external/internal rotation

circumduction

circular or cone shaped movement of the body

elevation

moving a body part upward

depression

moving a body part downward

protraction

movement forward on horizontal plane

retraction

movement backward on horizontal plane