Development of Friendships and Emotional Well-Being

Friends of the Family

Often formed through groups like mother's groups, play circles, religious institutions.

Parallel Play

Key factor is if children get along without conflict.

Imaginative Play

Activities include pretending to be animals or playing 'doctor.'

No Gender Divisions

Play isn't typically divided by gender.

Birthday Parties

Age-plus-one rule (number of guests equals child's age + 1).

Concrete Operations/Latency

Focus on rules and conformity.

Gender Division

Stronger separation by gender.

The 'Cooties' Epidemic

Children see the opposite gender as 'contaminated.'

Competence

Developing skills and proving ability.

Adolescence Begins

Puberty, growth spurt, and brain expansion.

Facing Limits

Physical, mental, and emotional challenges.

Social Events

School dances, parties, and keeping secrets from parents.

Self-Consciousness

Greater awareness of self and others.

'Being Cool'

Theory on adolescent social dynamics.

Evolution of Social Circles

Changes from 9th grade to senior year.

Pooling Strategies

Sharing resources and advice for adult life.

Confiding

Sharing personal experiences and supporting romantic relationships.

Facing the Twenties

Navigating adult challenges together.

Trust, Understanding, and Secrets

Core elements of fulfilling friendships.

Feeling Known

Leads to a sense of happiness and completeness.

Imagining Marriage

Even at a young age, kids role-play adult relationships.

Playing Rhythm

Settling into routine play with friends.

Early Adolescence Pressure

Attraction to norms and experimentation.

Go-Between

Intermediaries for early romantic interactions.

Different Social Circles

Not limited to one group of friends.

Deepened Connections

Romantic relationships start to compete with family loyalty.

Mutuality

Real relationships involve shared feelings.

Honeymoon Phase

Initial idealization followed by reality.

Common Expressions

Boredom, homesickness, feeling misunderstood.

Mood vs. Feelings

Mood is constant, like wallpaper, while feelings are situational.

Sadness

Involves tearfulness and emotional pain.

Self-Disappointment

Leads to shame and self-improvement vows.

Boredom

Lack of excitement or change.

Loss

Can be due to death, breakup, or relocation.

Mourning

A process that begins after grief.

Happiness and Anger

Hard to coexist.

Hidden Emotions

Anger can mask sadness and vice versa.

Types of Depression

Persistent Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorders.

Complicated Grief

When grief doesn't resolve and becomes prolonged.

Heritable Component

High genetic risk.

Bi-Polar I

Features full-blown mania with psychotic symptoms.

Bi-Polar II

Alternates between major depression and hypomania.

Bipolar I Treatment

Lithium and anticonvulsant medications like valproate.

Bipolar II Treatment

Major depression can be treated; hypomania may or may not be.

Cognitive Model of Emotions

Event → Thought (Interpretation) → Emotion.

Depressed Attribution

Interprets events as internal, permanent, and global.

Three Kinds of People with Depression

1. Don't experience chronic depression, can grieve without spiraling. 2. Develop symptoms under stress, benefit from short-term treatment. 3. Chronically depressed, often require ongoing medication.

Freud's View

Our mental experience is shaped by psychological history.

Hysteria

Symptoms without physical cause, relieved by hypnosis.

Classical Psychoanalysis

Patients associate freely, the therapist interprets.

Self Development

Starts with caregiver attachment and evolves with maturity.

Automatic Thoughts

Self-critical inner monologue.

Core Tool

Notebook to track and challenge distorted thoughts.

Family System

Shapes individuals and maintains stability.

Effective in Eating Disorders

Recognizes family dynamics' role.

Psychodynamic Therapy

Links to dreams, memories.

CBT

Observes associations with events.

Family Therapy

Reveals family issues and dynamics.