Cell Transport

Cell Transport

Movement of substances into and out of the cell through the cell membrane

Cell Membrane / Plasma Membrane

Selectively permeable barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Selectively Permeable / Semipermeable

Allows some substances to pass while restricting others

Passive Transport

Movement of substances across the membrane without using cellular energy (ATP

Concentration Gradient

Difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Equilibrium

State where molecules are evenly distributed and there is no net movement

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive movement of molecules through membrane proteins from high to low concentration

Channel Protein

Membrane protein that provides a passageway for specific molecules or ions

Carrier Protein

Membrane protein that changes shape to transport specific substances across the membrane

Active Transport

Movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration using ATP

Protein Pump

Membrane protein that uses ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient

Endocytosis

Process by which a cell takes materials into the cell by engulfing them with the cell membrane

Phagocytosis

Cell engulfs large particles

Pinocytosis

Cell takes in extracellular fluid

Exocytosis

Process by which materials are released out of the cell in vesicles

Isotonic Solution

Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell

Hypertonic Solution

Higher solute concentration outside the cell

Water leaves the cell; Cell shrinks

Result of Hypertonic Solution

Hypotonic Solution

Lower solute concentration outside the cell

Water enters the cell; Cell swells

Result of Hypotonic Solution

Turgor Pressure

Pressure exerted by water inside a plant cell against the cell wall

Plasmolysis

Shrinkage of a plant cell's membrane away from the cell wall due to water loss in a hypertonic solution

Cytolysis

Bursting of an animal cell due to excessive water entering in a hypotonic solution

Crenation

Shrinkage of an animal cell due to water leaving in a hypertonic solution