Chemistry Chapter 9-Chemistry of the atmosphere

Whta is the earth’s atmospher made up of?

• about four-fifths (approximately 80%) nitrogen

• about one-fifth (approximately 20%) oxygen

• small proportions of various other gases, including carbon dioxide, water vapour and noble gases.

WHta was earth’s early atmosphere like?

One theory suggests that during the first billion years of the Earth’s existence there was intense volcanic activity that released gases that formed the early atmosphere and water vapour that condensed to form the oceans. At the start of this period the Earth’s atmosphere may have been like the atmospheres of Mars and Venus today, consisting of mainly carbon dioxide with little or no oxygen gas.

HWta cause a decrease in the earths carbon dioxide levels?

When the oceans formed carbon dioxide dissolved in the water and carbonates were precipitated producing sediments, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What cause nitrogen levels to rise?

Volcanoes also produced nitrogen which gradually built up in the atmosphere and there may have been small proportions of methane and ammonia.

How did oxygen increase?

Algae and plants produced the oxygen that is now in the atmosphere by photosynthesis

Hwo was caarbon dioxide reduced?

Algae and plants decreased the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide was also decreased by the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels that contain carbon.

explain the formation of deposits of limestone, coal, crude oil and natural gas.

WHta are greenhouse gases?

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere maintain temperatures on Earth high enough to support life. Water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases.

what is the greenhouse effect ?

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that occurs when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the Sun, warming the Earth's surface.

WHat human activities increase greenhous egases?

-burning fossil fuels

-farming livestock

-deforestation

Whyis it difficult for scientists topredict what will happen?

it is difficult to model such complex systems as global climate change. This leads to simplified models, speculation and opinions presented in the media that may be based on only parts of the evidence and which may be biased.

what are the possible effects of global climate change?

-rising sea levels

-extreme weather

-changes in temperature and climate

-extinction of animals

what is carbon footprint?

The carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service or event.

How ca you reduce your carbon footprint?

-carbon capture and restorage

-less demand for meat (planot-based diest)

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What are th eproblems that come with reducing carbon footprint?

changes will Costa lot of money to implement.

Why is incomplete comnustion in acar engine bad?

When there is not enoguh oxygen in the car incomplete combustion occurs.This releases carbon monoxidegas

Why is carbon monoxide gas bad for you?

Your red blood cell carry around the carbon monoxide gas instead of oxygen .so there is no oxygen being flowed around your body leading to fatigue and if not removed from situatuation death.

What causes acid rain?

Nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide

describe how carbon monoxide, soot (carbon particles), sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen are produced by burning fuels

carbon monoxide-incomplete combustuion in car engines

carbon dioxide-complete combustion in car engines

sulfur dioxide-oxidation of sulfur impurities in fossil fuels

nitrogen oxides-oxidatin of nitrogen gas in air in car engines at high temperature