Writing Chemical Reactions - Chemistry

Metal Oxide + Water

* Base (Metal Hydroxide)
* Ex.: CaO (s) + H₂O (l) → Ca(OH)₂ (aq)

Non-metal Oxide + Water

* Acid
* Ex.: SO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → H₂SO₃ (aq)

All combustion reactions…

* Must have oxygen
* Produce CO₂ & H₂O
* Ex.: CH₄ (g) + 2O₂ (g) → CO₂ (g) + 2H₂O (g)

Alcohols

* Take away 1 H
* Add OH
* Ex.: Ethane (C₂H₆) & Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)

Methane

CH₄

Ethane

C₂H₆

Propane

C₃H₈

Butane

C₄H₁₀

Metal Carbonate

* Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
* Ex.: MgCO₃ (s) Δ→ MgO (s) + CO₂ (g)

Metal Chlorates

* Metal Chloride + Oxygen Gas
* Ex.: 2KClO₃ (s) Δ→ 2KCl (s) + 3O₂ (g)

Group 1/2 Metal + Water

* Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas
* Ex.: Ca (s) + 2H₂O (l) → Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

LEO

* Lose electrons
* Oxidized

GER

* Gain electrons
* Reduced

Common salts of Group 1A elements

Soluble

Ammonium ion

Soluble

Common acetates

Soluble

Common nitrates

Soluble

Binary compounds of Group VIIA with metals

Soluble \~ except for fluorine, silver, mercury (I), & lead

Sulfates

Soluble \~ except barium, strontium, lead, calcium, silver, & mercury (I)

Carbonates

Insoluble \~ except for Group IA

Hydroxides

Insoluble \~ except for Group IA

Oxides

Insoluble \~ except for Group IA

Phosphates

Insoluble \~ except for Group IA

Solutions

Group 1 metals

Insoluble

Precipitate \~ solid & doesn’t dissolve

Aqueous

Anything with ammonium, nitrate, acetate

Top of Activity Series

* Most reactive
* Will lose electrons & become cation
* Metals on top can replace those below

Bottom of Activity Series

* Least reactive
* Holds onto its electrons